را

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to see
 * 2)  to give
 * 1)  to give

Pronoun

 * 1) toward me or us (pronominal prefix of the first person)

Etymology
From, from , ultimately from.

Particle

 * 1)  to;
 * 2)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 3)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  to;
 * 2)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 3)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  to;
 * 2)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 3)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  for the sake of, for;  because of
 * 2)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  concerning, about, of;
 * 1)  concerning, about, of;

Usage notes

 * In literary and modern formal Persian normally contracts to . The colloquial Iranian form for  is instead  or . The colloquial Dari equivalent is.
 * In old-fashioned literary Persian, is traditionally written joined as . In Iranian Persian, this has no effect on the pronunciation.


 * is obligatory for the direct object if the referent is definite, i.e. has already been identified or is immediately identifiable. In English, this will usually correspond to a personal pronoun; a proper noun; or a common noun preceded by the definite article, a demonstrative determiner, or a possessive determiner. Verbal infinitives used as nouns are also typically considered to be definite.
 * can also be used for an indefinite direct object, following the indefinite noun suffix . The nuance of the resulting sequence is often approximated as “a certain...”, with an emphatic sense.
 * The use of for indefinite nouns is mostly based on semantic grounds. The particle is commonly used for indefinite direct objects if the action of the verb is unusual or unexpected; if the object is human, as opposed to non-human; and for certain verbs which are felt to be particularly “intense”. For example,  is almost always used for the verb  if it is a human that has been killed, and for the verb  if the thing to which one prefers the direct object has been given.


 * In colloquial Tehrani pronunciation,, the colloquial form of , usually triggers a word-final to be pronounced as  and not as  as is otherwise the case. Thus , but.


 * In Early New Persian (early second millennium), the particle was not used for all definite objects, and is also found with apparently indefinite objects.
 * It has been suggested that animacy or (more specifically) being human were the key triggering factors: one study of the last eleventh-century suggests that most human definite direct objects are marked, but that most inanimate direct objects are unmarked regardless of definiteness.
 * Note that such semantic factors are still relevant to the use of the particle, as mentioned above, although it is now obligatory for all direct objects.


 * In Early New Persian, is typically repeated for terms in coordination, e.g.:
 * In modern Persian, only the second would be present.
 * In modern Persian, only the second would be present.


 * In Early New Persian, it was often used with a pleonastic particle.