—

Punctuation mark
(Alt + 0151)


 * 1) Demarcates parenthetical thought. See — —.
 * 2) Indicates a logical consequence.
 * 3) Indicates aposiopesis, an abrupt breaking-off in speech. See also ….
 * 4) Separates a term from its definition.
 * 5) Indicates a lack of data in a table.
 * 6) Used to censor letters in obscene words.
 * D—n. [Damn] F—k. [Fuck]
 * 1)  Used to replace part or all of a person's name, a place name, a date, or so forth.
 * 2) * 1950, United States Census, New York, page listing Frank Valasky of New York City:
 * Valasky, Frank
 * —, Edna M
 * 1) Used to censor letters in obscene words.
 * D—n. [Damn] F—k. [Fuck]
 * 1)  Used to replace part or all of a person's name, a place name, a date, or so forth.
 * 2) * 1950, United States Census, New York, page listing Frank Valasky of New York City:
 * Valasky, Frank
 * —, Edna M
 * 1) * 1950, United States Census, New York, page listing Frank Valasky of New York City:
 * Valasky, Frank
 * —, Edna M
 * 1) * 1950, United States Census, New York, page listing Frank Valasky of New York City:
 * Valasky, Frank
 * —, Edna M

Coordinate terms

 * see 〃

Abbreviation

 * 1)  the letter sequence ⟨th⟩
 * (see: that,  their/there,  these,  they,  this,  those)
 * 1)  the sound sequences /(V)nd/, /(V)nt/
 * 2)  the suffixes or sequences, , ,
 * (e.g. ⟨a&mdash;&thinsp;&mdash;⟩ )
 * (e.g. ⟨a&mdash;&thinsp;&mdash;⟩ )

Usage notes

 * The dash may be written low, along the baseline, or high, at x-height, as convenient for whichever letters it links to. For example, with mo&mdash;n for 'more than', the dash is likely to be written at x-height.
 * When used as punctuation, an en or em dash is doubled, like a long ⹀, to distinguish it from its phonetic use.

Punctuation mark

 * 1) Indicates zero (omission) of the present tense of . Called  in Russian.
 * 2) Used in — —.
 * 3) Replaces ‐ in some appositions, where hyphen would be used to connect the appositive word and the word in apposition if neither of them were a phrase.
 * 1) Replaces ‐ in some appositions, where hyphen would be used to connect the appositive word and the word in apposition if neither of them were a phrase.

Usage notes

 * 1)  is not used when the subject is a pronoun; e.g.  or with predicative adjectives.
 * 2)  are preferred over  when the supplemental information is necessary to understand author's point and can't be dropped.
 * 3) A dash or a hyphen is used in Russian apposition when the first word (or first words) is not a form of address (e.g. ) and the second word is an appellative.