する

Etymology 1
From root verb. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

As with all verbs, during the Middle Japanese stage in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the was gradually lost as the  came to be used for both the attributive and terminal grammatical roles, realigning the conjugations.

Verb

 * 1) to exist; to come up
 * 2) to exist
 * 3) to be worth; to have the value of
 * 4) to pass; to elapse
 * 5) to do; to perform an action
 * 6) to act as; to play a role of
 * 7) to render; to make become
 * 8)  to be
 * 9) to wear (accessories)
 * 10) to decide; to choose or to make a judgment
 * 11)  to do it; to have sex
 * 12)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 13)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1) to act as; to play a role of
 * 2) to render; to make become
 * 3)  to be
 * 4) to wear (accessories)
 * 5) to decide; to choose or to make a judgment
 * 6)  to do it; to have sex
 * 7)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 8)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1) to wear (accessories)
 * 2) to decide; to choose or to make a judgment
 * 3)  to do it; to have sex
 * 4)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 5)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1)  to do it; to have sex
 * 2)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 3)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 2)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 2)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 2)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1)  to be about to; to incline to
 * 2)  if / since; assuming that / now that
 * 1)  if / since; assuming that / now that

Usage notes

 * The verb する (“to do”) is seldom written in kanji.
 * It is common to use する after certain nouns to indicate that the noun is being done; this is highly productive, meaning many nouns can be used as verbs in this way. Some examples are:
 * → 勉強する (benkyō suru, “to do studying” → “to study”)
 * → 旅行する (ryokō suru, “to do journey” → “to travel”)
 * → アップロードする (appurōdo suru, “to do uploading” → “to upload”)
 * Most verbal nouns are Sino-Japanese words (usually two-kanji), but some are of native or foreign origin . Most verbal nouns can be separated from the ending  by inserting ; in addition to  you can say . (You cannot say *, despite Korean . Modern Japanese cannot have multiple direct objects.) However, some verbal nouns are bound to the ending  and treated as single words in dictionaries:
 * Sino-Japanese (usually one-kanji):, from
 * Native:, from
 * Such verbs can be thought of as morphologically instead of syntactically derived. Sometimes further shape changes may take place:
 * For some verbs the optionally changes to, with type 1 (godan) conjugation:  usually appears in the shape  and favors the forms  over ,  over , etc.
 * For some verbs the is voiced as, then optionally changes to  with type 2 (ichidan) conjugation:  → ,  → . When they are not changed to type 2 conjugation, they make passive and causative forms ending in -zerareru/-zesaseru: the passive form of “to believe” is  if not , but never *. Most of these are derived from single Sino-Japanese kanji ending in a nasal (-m, -n, -ng) in Middle Chinese, but not all kanji ending in a nasal in Middle Chinese voice the following  to ; compare  →  with . Furthermore, the voicing also occurs for some kanji whose Japanese reading ends in a long sound erroneously traced back to Middle Chinese -ng:  → ,  → , as well as some native stems:  → ,  → , etc.


 * The potential form of is the suppletive verb . Verbal nouns that are not bound to the  can form potential forms by changing the  to  directly:.
 * In headlines and enumeration of events, the ending can be dropped, leaving the verbal noun at the end of the sentence provided that it is not bound:


 * See also Category:Japanese suru verbs.

Synonyms

 * , a much less productive suffix for turning a noun into a verb
 * , a much less productive suffix for turning a noun into a verb
 * , a much less productive suffix for turning a noun into a verb
 * , a much less productive suffix for turning a noun into a verb
 * , a much less productive suffix for turning a noun into a verb

Etymology 2
Reading for various kanji spellings.

Verb
Various verbs deriving from senses similar to “to slide” or “to rub”:


 * 1)  to print something
 * 2)  to pick someone's pocket
 * 3)  to slide, to rub, to chafe, to strike (as in a match, by rubbing); to lose or waste money
 * 4)  irregular reading for