ずに

Suffix

 * 1) to not do something and do something else
 * 2) without doing something
 * 3)  to not do something (in advance); to leave something (in a state) without doing something
 * 1)  to not do something (in advance); to leave something (in a state) without doing something
 * 1)  to not do something (in advance); to leave something (in a state) without doing something
 * 1)  to not do something (in advance); to leave something (in a state) without doing something
 * 1)  to not do something (in advance); to leave something (in a state) without doing something

Usage notes

 * In the above sentences, ずに and are interchangeable. However, in the following sentences, ないで must be used, because ずに is grammatically incorrect.
 * ずに has the exact same formation as ないで in almost all cases. The sole exception is the verb, which changes from to.
 * The difference between ないで and ずに is that ないで is used in informal speech or conversational Japanese, whereas ずに is used in formal speech or written Japanese.
 * For the following sentences in which the ないで clause indicates some cause for human emotion that is expressed in the main clause, can replace ないで, but not ずに.
 * For sentences that express the idea of “X is not Y but X,” neither ないで nor ずに can replace なくて.
 * The difference between ないで and ずに is that ないで is used in informal speech or conversational Japanese, whereas ずに is used in formal speech or written Japanese.
 * For the following sentences in which the ないで clause indicates some cause for human emotion that is expressed in the main clause, can replace ないで, but not ずに.
 * For sentences that express the idea of “X is not Y but X,” neither ないで nor ずに can replace なくて.
 * For sentences that express the idea of “X is not Y but X,” neither ないで nor ずに can replace なくて.
 * For sentences that express the idea of “X is not Y but X,” neither ないで nor ずに can replace なくて.