だ

Etymology 2

 * Forms beginning with だ or で: From the particle or . The lemma form だ itself is a contraction of であ, clipping of.
 * Forms beginning with な: From classical Japanese, whence Modern Japanese.

Verb

 * 1) to be
 * 2) should; be obliged to; ought to
 * 3) です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
 * 4) だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
 * 1) should; be obliged to; ought to
 * 2) です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
 * 3) だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
 * 1) should; be obliged to; ought to
 * 2) です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
 * 3) だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
 * 1) です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
 * 2) だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
 * 1) です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
 * 2) だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
 * 1) だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.

Usage notes

 * だ is the only commonly used modern Japanese verb with the terminal form distinct from the attributive form . As relative clauses in Japanese are syntactically equivalent to attributives, relative clauses must end in the attributive form. Thus だ, as a terminal form, cannot appear at the end of a relative clause. The following forms are used instead of だ in such places:
 * Use の after nouns, adverbs or prepositional phrases. But use な before the nominalizer.
 * Use な after a na-adjective.
 * Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".
 * Use な after a na-adjective.
 * Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".
 * Use な after a na-adjective.
 * Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".
 * Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".


 * This word is phonologically an enclitic, similar to particles. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

Synonyms

 * (Kansai dialect)
 * (Some western dialects. Also used in archaic speech in fictional characters or as slang)
 * (dialect or slang)
 * (dialect or slang)

Pronoun

 * 1)  who
 * 2) * 2018, [Aomori Prefectural Police], 方言を活用した広報標語: 交通事故防止広報
 * 1) * 2018, [Aomori Prefectural Police], 方言を活用した広報標語: 交通事故防止広報