ないで

Suffix

 * 1) Do not do something and ~
 * 2) Because not doing something ~
 * 3) Without doing ~
 * 4)  Please do not do ~
 * 5)  I want you not to do ~
 * 6)  I will have you not to do ~
 * 7)  I do not do ~ (in advance); I leave ~ (in a state) without doing ~
 * 1)  I want you not to do ~
 * 2)  I will have you not to do ~
 * 3)  I do not do ~ (in advance); I leave ~ (in a state) without doing ~
 * 1)  I will have you not to do ~
 * 2)  I do not do ~ (in advance); I leave ~ (in a state) without doing ~
 * 1)  I do not do ~ (in advance); I leave ~ (in a state) without doing ~
 * 1)  I do not do ~ (in advance); I leave ~ (in a state) without doing ~

Usage notes

 * If the ないで clause expresses something that one is expected to do, it will be translated as “without doing ~”, but if not, it will be translated as “do not do something and ~”.
 * ないで is often used to combine two sentences, but it can also be used with the auxiliaries, , and.
 * ないで is only used with verbs. It is never used with adjectives.
 * If ないで is used without the auxiliaries, it will imply that the speaker is emphasizing negation, because the contents of the ないで clause are contrary to the speaker’s expectation.
 * If the で in ないで means “and”, then can be used to replace ないで. Thus, ずに can be used in sentences 1, 2, and 3, but not in sentences 4, 5 and 6.
 * The difference between ないで and ずに is that ないで is used in informal speech or conversational Japanese, whereas ずに is used in formal speech or written Japanese.
 * ないで can be replaced by only when the ないで clause indicates some cause for emotion which is expressed in the main clause. ずに cannot be used in such sentences.
 * Sentences that are structured as “X is not Y but X” use なくて instead of ないで.
 * Sentences that are structured as “X is not Y but X” use なくて instead of ないで.
 * Sentences that are structured as “X is not Y but X” use なくて instead of ないで.