沙音

Pronunciation
The verb is attested in two different phonogramic forms, and, both of which are uncontroversially reconstructed as *sam-.

Verb

 * 1) to act for the sake of; for
 * 2) to take as; to render as
 * 1) to take as; to render as
 * 1) to take as; to render as
 * 1) to take as; to render as

Usage notes
When expressing the sense of "to take A as B", Old Korean appears to have natively used the expression " A B ", with A taking the accusative particle  and B combining directly with the verb *sam- without an intervening particle.

Gugyeol texts are all close translations of a Chinese original, and the Literary Chinese text often used in the construction " A  B " for the sense of "to take A as B". These constructions were translated into Old Korean as " A  B ", with A continuing to take the accusative particle but now becoming the object of the verb  instead, with the literal meaning "to take as B while using A".

In Middle Korean, however, "to take A as B" is generally expressed as " A B  ", with B taking the accusative particle  and A now taking the instrumental particle. An Ye-ri theorizes that this was the result of syntactic influence from the Chinese " A B " construction, as Chinese  was usually perceived as being equivalent to the Korean instrumental particle. Thus speakers may have initially imitated the Chinese syntax by using the instrumental particle for A rather than the accusative, after which B was reanalyzed as being the direct object of.