百姓

Etymology
Earliest attested in the 's texts (also written as 百生 (bǎixìng ~ bǎishēng) on some ); further linked to the expression 多生 (duōshēng) on the.

Noun

 * 1) the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens
 * 2)  all kinds of government officials
 * 1)  all kinds of government officials
 * 1)  all kinds of government officials
 * 1)  all kinds of government officials
 * 1)  all kinds of government officials

Synonyms




Descendants
Others:

Etymology 1
From compound. Compare modern 🇨🇬.

The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.

First cited to the in a portion dated to 701.

Noun

 * 1)   a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general
 * 2)   country bumpkin
 * 3)   in reference to the Edo period, short for
 * 4)   commoners, the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens
 * 1)   in reference to the Edo period, short for
 * 2)   commoners, the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens

Idioms

 * : “taking one's pleasure the same as a commoner” → a lord must know the joys and pains of the people
 * : “commoners and oil [sources] give more the harder you squeeze” → the more you demand of the people, the more you get. Compare of roughly opposite meaning.
 * : “the complaints of the peasants and the boasting of the doctors” → a contrast between peasants complaining of poor harvests in a bid to reduce their tax liabilities, against the feats of doctors who will do their utmost to treat even a terminal patient: by extension, an exhortation to put in 101% without grumbling about it
 * : “a peasant's tale of last year” → alluding to how peasants would often claim that last year's harvest was better than this year, in a bid to reduce their tax liabilities
 * : “a peasant's manufactured collapse” → describing how peasants working too hard can result in too much produce on the market, causing a price collapse and sizable losses: to be one's own undoing, to defeat oneself by working too hard
 * : “a peasant's autumn lord” → a metaphor for how the autumn season following the harvest is a time of bounty for commoners
 * : “splitting up a commoner's inheritance amounts to a parceling out of fields / to complete nonsense” → a pun on the reading tawake for both and, based on how dividing up fields for every generation's inheritance ultimately leads to very small plots and inefficient farming
 * : “like cutting a commoner” → a big commotion
 * : “like holding down a commoner's goose” → a big commotion
 * : “a commoner's breath [i.e. spirit] can reach heaven” → where there's a will, there's a way, no matter how weak
 * : “peasants' talk of poor harvests and merchants' talk of business losses” → farmers and businessmen always grumble about how things aren't going well
 * : “a commoner's all-around abilities” → alluding to how a peasant (now farmer) had to be self-reliant and a jack-of-all-trades
 * : “a hundred commoners, a hundred colors” → the word "commoners" might be a collective noun, but the people included in that category are various and sundry

Derived terms

 * : a peasants' revolt or uprising
 * , : a kind of tax system in the medieval period, whereby local influential families would undertake local tax administration on behalf of the lord
 * : educational materials for commoners' children
 * : commoners' work, farm work
 * : during the Edo period, the administrative head, advocate, and representative of a village's commoners
 * : the commoner class, the peasant or agricultural caste
 * , : a commoner's house, a farmhouse
 * , : reading kanji in one's own way, guessing the reading and/or meaning for each character based on its shape or component elements

Verb

 * 1)  to farm, to till the fields

Etymology 2
Kan'on reading of both characters, influenced by later borrowing from.

Cited to the mid-, roughly the 1400s.

Noun

 * 1)   See under Etymology 1

Etymology 3
Kan'on reading of the second character, influenced by later borrowing from.

First cited to a text from 1776.

Noun

 * 1)   See under Etymology 1

Etymology 4
Non-palatalized variant of hyakushō reading, commonly found in writings from the Heian period through the Muromachi period.

First cited to the  of roughly 999.

Noun

 * 1)   See under Etymology 1