站

Glyph origin
. A relatively late character – not found in '; found in '.

Etymology 1
A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9th-10th centuries. Displaced earlier in most modern northern Chinese varieties.

Definitions

 * 1) to stand
 * 2) to stop; to halt
 * 3)  to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand
 * 1)  to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand

Etymology 2
Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the – an abbreviation of, from  (> 🇨🇬), a derivative of  (> 🇨🇬).

Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with 🇨🇬 (> 🇨🇬; ~ 🇨🇬) with the same meaning; see. Also compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official.

In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw a profusion of usages of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站, whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese , Korean ).

Definitions

 * 1)  post station; relay station
 * 2) station; stand

Descendants
Others: