-ение

Etymology
.

Suffix

 * 1) -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech

Etymology
.

Suffix

 * 1) -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech

Usage notes

 * The stress is usually drawn onto the suffix (e.g. from ), but occasionally not (e.g.  from ).
 * This suffix is generally used only for verbs whose past passive participle ends in or ; verbs whose past passive participle ends in  normally use, and verbs whose past passive participle ends in  normally use.
 * The stem preceding the suffix is modified in the same way as for the past passive participle; in particular, the stem normally becomes, and in cases where the stem iotates irregularly in the past passive participle (e.g. instead of , or  instead of ), the same irregularities are observed before.
 * Note that even intransitive verbs without a past passive participle form abstract nouns in . For such verbs of class 4 and 5 (which end in and  respectively), use the stem as found in the first person singular. For such verbs of class 7 and 8 (which end in such verbs in, ,  and ), use the stem as found in the third person singular.