-енный

Etymology 1
, from +. Originally used to form adjectives from past passive participles in Old Church Slavonic, later reinterpreted as a past passive participle suffix within the Russian literary language. Compare the native past participle suffix, which developed into an adjective suffix. For the same development compare.

Usage notes

 * As a means of forming past passive participles, the suffix as written occurs only unstressed; when stressed, it assumes the form . Generally, this suffix occurs with accent-a verbs (stem-stressed verbs ending in unstressed and ) and accent-c verbs (ending-stressed verbs in  and, where the present and synthetic future tense, except for the first person singular, are stem-stressed, for example  with present tense , , , etc.). It does not normally occur with accent-b verbs (ending-stressed verbs where the entire present and synthetic future tense is ending-stressed, for example  with present tense , , , etc.), which instead use . However, there are exceptions in both directions, e.g. accent-c  (present tense , ) with past passive participle  and accent-b  (present tense , ) with past passive participle.
 * This suffix triggers (unlike the homophonous adjective-forming suffix below).

Usage notes

 * This suffix triggers the of s, but does not trigger  (unlike the homophonous past-participle-forming suffix above).
 * In the colloquial meaning "very X", the suffix is normally stressed, while in the meaning "having the property of X" it is normally unstressed.