-고

Etymology 1
From, probably from , although the phonology is potentially problematic. While 🇨🇬 corresponds exactly to 🇨🇬 in terms of grammar, the Middle Chinese pronunciation is, which does not sound like.

In any case, 🇨🇬 is also, albeit rarely, attested as a connective suffix; either and  are different orthographies of the same suffix (more likely), or the latter subsumed the role of the former. In Middle Korean, always denotes.

Suffix

 * 1) and then, after...;.
 * 2) and;
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * 1) and;
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]
 * [[File:누가 자전거를 타고 있습니까？.ogg]]

Usage notes

 * Compare and, which have an additional nuance that the first action is impacting or enabling the second.

Etymology 2
Contracted from, hence formally identical to the connective suffix above. First attested widely in the Ildong Jang'yu-ga (日東壯遊歌 / 일동장유가), 1763, and other mid-eighteenth-century works.

Particle

 * 1) that;

Usage notes

 * neutralizes speech level and formality distinctions, and other nuances of the mood-marking suffixes, to the basic suffixes of the "plain style":, , , , and.
 * Hence declarative sentences are quoted as or, interrogative sentences as , imperative sentences as , and hortative sentences as , regardless of speech level.
 * With the imperative:
 * With the imperative:
 * With the imperative:


 * can be freely omitted.
 * is used for direct quotes.

Etymology 3
Shortened from Middle Korean, perhaps under the influence of the auxiliary-joining suffix. This resulted in a change of the primary meaning of, from "to seem to be about to do" to "to want".

Etymology 4
From, from. In Old and Middle Korean, the word was not a suffix but an interrogative particle for polar questions, combining directly with nouns and taking the adnominal forms of verbs, whence and.

In the standard Seoul dialect of the language, the suffix is no longer used in isolation and generally dated or archaic; see "Related terms" below.

Usage notes

 * Its polar question equivalent is.
 * For non-copula stems, is used.