-기-

Etymology
From. Beyond Middle Korean, the causative is the original meaning as attested in Old Korean, and the passive is a later development from the causative, first attested in the written language some time between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Usage notes
Although still very common in Korean, the causative/passive suffixes are no longer productive for forming new verbs. Verbs that do not already have a morphological causative or passive must employ auxiliaries:


 * for causatives
 * for passives

The causative/passive suffixes, , , and all stem from the same etymon, and are fairly complementary in distribution. -기- tends to attaches to verb stems which end in a nasal or a sibilant, although there are several prominent exceptions.