-었-

Etymology
From, which is a simplification of. Both forms appeared in the 15th century as contractions of with auxiliary. The past tense meaning developed from a seventeenth-century semantic shift of "one exists in a state of having VERBed" to "VERBed". Hence.

Suffix

 * 1) -ed:

Usage notes

 * For vowel harmony, contractions, and allomorphy, see.
 * Usually precedes all verbal endings except the honorific suffix. However, sometimes in the colloquial speech  can be preceded by, although this is considered nonstandard and unnatural in most contexts.
 * Difference with :
 * While carries a perfect aspect meaning,  carries a meaning of completion of an action and its difference from the past. Thus, while  means he died and is still dead,  means he died and is no longer in that state. These two suffixes can also be easily compared with the verb, simple past tense of which expresses that one went somewhere and is still possibly there, while the double past tense usually expresses that one went somewhere, stayed there and is no longer there or came back.