-이-

Etymology 1
From, an allomorph of formed by lenition of the initial consonant  in intervocalic environments. Beyond Middle Korean, the causative is the original meaning as attested in Old Korean, and the passive is a later development from the causative first attested in the written language some time between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Pronunciation

 * : usually a change in vowel quality
 * to
 * to
 * to
 * to

Usage notes
Although still very common in Korean, the causative/passive suffixes are no longer productive for forming new verbs. Verbs that do not already have a morphological causative or passive must employ auxiliaries:


 * for causatives
 * for passives

The causative/passive suffixes, , , and all stem from the same etymon, and are fairly complementary in distribution. 이 attaches to verb stems which end in a vowel or an aspirate consonant, and (in the case of causative verbs only) to stems ending in and some of those ending in.

Etymology 2
From. See the main entry for more.