-a

Etymology
From.

Etymology 1
From the homographic case endings of the nominative, accusative, and vocative forms of numerous neuter second declension nouns.

Pronunciation






Usage notes

 * Whereas the regular pluralization in English involves adding -s or -es, English words derived from a Latin/Greek etymon where the Latin/Greek would pluralize from -on (Greek) or -um (Latin) to -a do not always do so. Usage of -a instead of -s differs between words: sometimes the two are interchangeable (e.g. memorandums/memoranda, polyhedrons/polyhedra), sometimes one is far more common than the other (e.g. neurons over neura, automata over automatons), and sometimes one is completely absent from usage (e.g. bacteria over bacteriums, dendrons over dendra)
 * The word ' is etymologically the plural of ' but is commonly regarded as an uncountable noun.

Etymology 2
Representing the nominative singular case ending of first-declension feminine nouns.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology 4
Shortened form of verb.

Etymology 5
Equivalent to Etymology 2, representing Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish feminine nouns.

Etymology 6
Added especially for metrical reasons, or as an empty filler syllable. Also used to imitate an Italian accent.

Suffix

 * 1) * 1936 July 18, (producer) /  (music), :
 * I love to sing-a / about the moon-a and the June-a and the spring-a, / I love to sing-a / about a sky of blue-a, or a tea for two-a.
 * 1) * 1936 July 18, (producer) /  (music), :
 * I love to sing-a / about the moon-a and the June-a and the spring-a, / I love to sing-a / about a sky of blue-a, or a tea for two-a.

Alternative forms

 * a, a-

Etymology 7
Shortened version of preposition of.

Etymology 8
Shortened version of verb to.

Suffix

 * 1)  to

Etymology 1
Related to and.

Article

 * 1) . the

Suffix

 * 1) . -s

Usage notes

 * The suffix is usually described as an article. However, its usage is not equivalent to that of English  or . In Basque, every nominal phrase must carry a determiner, which usually takes the final position in the phrase. Although many others exist,  is the default determiner which introduces no additional meaning. Compare the following sentences. In the first two, the determiners ( and ) apply to the noun phrase ; while in the last two they apply separately to  and :
 * In Standard Basque, nouns ending in in their indefinite form (known in Basque as ) don't change when the article is added:
 * In Standard Basque, nouns ending in in their indefinite form (known in Basque as ) don't change when the article is added:
 * In Standard Basque, nouns ending in in their indefinite form (known in Basque as ) don't change when the article is added:
 * In Standard Basque, nouns ending in in their indefinite form (known in Basque as ) don't change when the article is added:
 * In Standard Basque, nouns ending in in their indefinite form (known in Basque as ) don't change when the article is added:

Usage notes

 * It takes different forms depending on the ending of the verb:
 * Other dialects use the unrelated particle.
 * Other dialects use the unrelated particle.
 * Other dialects use the unrelated particle.
 * Other dialects use the unrelated particle.
 * Other dialects use the unrelated particle.

Etymology
From feminine singular adjectives (and nouns) of the Romance languages, such as, , ,.

Suffix

 * 1) Related to, in the manner of, of.
 * 2) Belonging to, of.
 * 3) -kind of.
 * 1) Belonging to, of.
 * 2) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.
 * 1) -kind of.

Etymology 1
From, from the ablative case. A variant form (whence 🇨🇬) was used after a syllable with secondary stress (suffixal gradation).

Usage notes

 * This suffix is used after a short vowel or the plural marker.
 * See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

Etymology 2
From.

Usage notes

 * The first infinitive, short form, is the citation form of verbs.

Etymology
From, short counterpart to.

Usage notes
In addition to present time, it often shows habitual action, and can also past and future

Etymology 1
From the *sᴕ̈ third-person personal pronoun of the ancestor language after it was appended to the word of possession. According to some linguists this attachment happened in the Proto-Uralic era, while others think it happened much later when the Hungarian language became independent.

Etymology 2
. It can be traced back to Proto-Uralic *-i̮ which with the word-final vowel created the diphthong -ai̮/-ei̮. This had simplified to -á/-é, finally in the Old Hungarian era it had shortened to -a/-e. It was a productive suffix at that time, the back-vowel variant was used even in front-vowel words such as the Old Hungarian female given names and, derived from  and , respectively.

Suffix

 * 1)   The back-vowel variant of the  diminutive suffix pair. In the past it could be found in common nouns, as well, but today it is used mostly in given names.

Etymology 4
Along with its front-vowel counterpart, from the diphthongs , developing to , then shortened to this form by the end of the early Old Hungarian period. After the participle suffix became fixed as /, the remaining words suffixed with underwent conversion; some became adjectives, others, nouns.

Usage notes
One may elide the final a of the adjectives, but with the condition not to produce accumulation from the consonants. One advise to use the elision mainly with the derivatived adjectives and particularly when they finish with -al-(a).

Etymology 1
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * : part of

Etymology 2
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * After stems ending in -n, -l, -r, -s the alternative forms, , and  are used, respectively.

Etymology 1
, from.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology 4
From, ,.

Etymology 5
From.

Etymology 1
From, from , from. For the use to form masculine agent nouns from verb roots, compare from.

Declension
1. Certain masculine nouns ending in, especially those ending in and , sometimes have a short genitive plural form ending in  instead of.

2. Feminine nouns such as that have a second-declension masculine counterpart sometimes take the ending  instead of  in the dative and ablative plural to avoid ambiguity (since  could be misunderstood as the dative/ablative plural of ). Forms in are attested earliest for the nouns  and, and later on for others such as ,  and.

Synonyms

 * -ō¹

Etymology 2
From, first-declension ablative singular ending.

Suffix

 * 1) and (attached only to, ,  & )

Article

 * 1) the

Etymology
From, reinforced by and , which are unrelated but used similarly.

Suffix

 * 1) passive ending

Etymology 1
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology 2
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ing, -tion

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)  the,
 * 2)  -ed,
 * 3)  (e.g. har, , , , ).
 * 4)  (e.g., ).
 * 5)  (e.g., ,  etc.).
 * 6)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  -ed,
 * 2)  (e.g. har, , , , ).
 * 3)  (e.g., ).
 * 4)  (e.g., ,  etc.).
 * 5)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., ,  etc.).
 * 2)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., , ).
 * 1)  (e.g., , ).

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology 2
From, from.

Usage notes

 * Though it was common in Proto-Germanic and Proto-West Germanic, in Old English this ending is restricted to only a few adverbs, among them and . The competing suffix  is much more common, along with.

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
, from, from.

Usage notes
Used with a relatively small number of adjectives to form an irregular comparative. The regular, productive comparative suffix is.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 3
From and.

Etymology 4
From or.

Etymology 5
Different noun forms.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) Third person singular suffix

Suffix

 * 1) Plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)

Suffix

 * 1) Oblique case suffix (with a-declension nouns)

Suffix

 * 1) Masculine plural agreement suffix

Suffix

 * 1) Masculine non-nominative and non-singular agreement suffix

Etymology 1
, from.

Etymology 2
, from.

Etymology 3
..

Etymology 4
, from, the thematic ablative suffix.

Etymology 5
.

Etymology 1
, from.

Etymology 2
, from.

Etymology 3
From, from.

Etymology 4
From, from ,.

Etymology 5
From, from ,.

Usage notes

 * The third-person imperative is not used with third person pronouns but rather with, which is a second-person pronoun but always takes third-person conjugation.

Etymology 1
, nominative feminine singular of.

Suffix

 * 1)  the

Usage notes
This form of the definite article is used for feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in -ă or in an unstressed vowel:

The suffix is also used with feminine adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:


 * (both meaning "the good girl")
 * (both meaning "the wide/extensive plain")

Etymology 2
, the ending of the present active infinitive form of first conjugation verbs. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Etymology 2
, from, the thematic ablative ending.

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * After labio-dental and bilabial consonants is used instead.

Etymology 1
.

Suffix

 * 1) -ess

Etymology 2
, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Etymology 3
,, and the first-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively; and from , , and , the third-person singular present active subjunctive ending of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Etymology 4
.

Usage notes
Several tenses (such as the ones which historically derive from auxiliary + main verb) keep their ending -a even in the negative.

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Conjugation

 * For weak verbs with a voiceless ending stem:


 * For weak verbs with a voiced ending stem:

Etymology 2
The language noun sense originally comes from the definite adjective +. Thus was originally svenska tungan (the Swedish tongue)

Usage notes

 * On adjectives: Traditionally, if the noun is in the definite singular form it should not refer to a male human if it uses the suffix . If it refers to such a person, the suffix should instead be, but one should note that this rule is not universally adhered to – in particular dialects of northern Sweden do not recognize the suffix at all, but use  in all instances.

Usage notes

 * In informal/dialectal usage, -a may be used instead of -en to form the definite plural of the irregular fourth-declension nouns,.

Etymology 1
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ful

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology
Inherited from.

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology 4
From.

Usage notes
This suffix can cause syllable reduction. The suffix takes the form when the preceding syllable is reducible and has an onset of,  when the preceding syllable ends in , and  in other contexts.

When marking the past imperfective, this suffix never occurs alone but is always accompanied by other suffixes bearing tense/aspect or at least number information. Conversely, when marking the nonpast tense, it occurs alone without other tense/aspect markers, though it can form a plural.