-de

Etymology
.

Usage notes
The ordinal numbers 2 to 19, except for 8, are formed with this suffix. The ordinals of 1, 8 and numbers greater than 19 are formed with, except where hundred, thousand, etc., combine with a number between 2 and 19, for example , , but.

The suffix can also be written after a number written in digits.

Usage notes
The ordinal numbers of all numbers from 1 to 19 are formed with this suffix, except and. Ordinals of higher numbers are formed with.

The suffix can also be written after a number written in digits. The e is sometimes written in superscript, like in French, but this is discouraged by the.

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare the equally rare doublet (from Low German). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Usage notes
The use of the suffix is widespread in Northern Germany, however, some Low German varieties show a partial or complete suppression of the suffix. Most words listed above can also be found without the suffix, though this varies depending on the person speaking and the word. For example, is more often found as  with no suffix, than the original form with suffix. can be found as and  as, with loss of the final -e. Though this process exists, the forms in -de remain largely prominent, with the notable exception of the following words: →,  → ,  → ,  → both  and. Some words show only a form in -t, which is basically derived from the -de suffix. Examples of such words are and.

Etymology
Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Etymology
, cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) Creates the past tense of weak verbs in the first conjugation.

Usage notes
Colloquially the suffix can be completely dropped and it is understood out of context that it is the past and not nominative sense that is used. In written form to clarify however, it might be good to mark this out with an apostrophe ('). Example of this:

Etymology
From, from , front vowel variant of. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * , at
 * 1) when
 * 2) over
 * 1) when
 * 2) over
 * 1) when
 * 2) over
 * 1) over

Usage notes

 * This version is used when the noun's final vowel is a front vowel (Ee, İi, Öö, or Üü).
 * In cases where a noun's final vowel is a back vowel (Aa, Iı, Oo, or Uu) and doesn't end with a clear l sound, it takes the form “”.
 * It takes the form of “” when the noun’s final consonant is devoiced.
 * An apostrophe is mandatory when forming the locative of a proper noun.
 * An apostrophe is mandatory when forming the locative of a proper noun.
 * An apostrophe is mandatory when forming the locative of a proper noun.

Etymology 1
From.

Suffix

 * 1) -'s, of but with the order switched;
 * 2) that, who;
 * 3) -ing;
 * 4) -er;
 * 1) that, who;
 * 2) -ing;
 * 3) -er;
 * 1) -er;
 * 1) -er;

Suffix

 * 1) so much that attached to the main verb

Usage notes
This morpheme is properly a clitic rather than a suffix.

Suffix

 * 1) again, anew

Usage notes
This morpheme is properly a clitic rather than a suffix. It causes lengthening of the preceding vowel of the word it attaches to.