-ed

Pronunciation

 * same as below
 * , or ,
 * same as below
 * , or ,
 * , or ,
 * , or ,
 * , or ,



Etymology 1
From, , from , , from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Translations

 * Dzongkha: ཅི
 * Esperanto:
 * Hungarian: -t/-tt/-ott/-ett/-ött
 * Japanese: -た
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, , -te, -de, -dd, -tt, -tø, -øt, -øyt
 * Nynorsk: -a, -te, -de, -dd, -tt, -aut
 * Persian:, , ,
 * Polish: -ł
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Ukrainian: -в, -ла, -ло, -ли

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Etymology 3
From, from , from , from. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (whence also a ).

Translations

 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: -s/-os/-as/-es/-ös
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese:
 * Malay:
 * Persian:
 * Swedish: ,


 * Dutch:, also as a past participle: +
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: -ú/-ű/-jú/-jű
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese:
 * Malay:
 * Polish: ,
 * Swedish: ,

Etymology
Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Etymology 1
From.

Suffix

 * 1)   your

Etymology 2
From.

Usage notes

 * See harmonic variants in the table below.

Etymology 3
From.

Suffix

 * 1)   -th
 * 2)   Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
 * 1)   Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.

Usage notes

 * Variants:
 *  is added to words ending in a vowel
 *  is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to some other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
 * Variants:
 *  is found only in a few words as an obscured suffix
 *  is added to back-vowel words
 *  is added to back-vowel words
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words

Etymology
From, , , ultimately from.

Suffix

 * 1) contents of, -ful.

Suffix

 * 1) formed into the likeness of, made into, shaped like, having the qualities of

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * 1)  path between or along water

Etymology 1
From, from.

Usage notes
Causes fortition of final voiced consonant of adjectival roots.

Etymology 2
Reduced form of. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology 3
Ultimately from or.

Etymology 4
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Usage notes
-ed is only used in the above two plural forms in Modern Welsh.

Usage notes

 * Rare in Modern Welsh with a few verbs creating an alternative secondary form.