-ien

Etymology
From, , ,. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Etymology
, from, from , from. Cognate to 🇨🇬 and.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ian

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ian

Usage notes
When the name's last syllable contains "e" or "è" followed by a single consonant, that vowel is normally raised to "é": e.g., , , , , etc.

Etymology 1
From, , from. Nouns with this Latinate suffix were originally strong (i.e. invariable) feminines, but inflected forms in arose when the distinction between strong and weak feminines collapsed in later Middle High German. These were then treated by analogy with local names like, , etc. (all originally dative plural of a tribe name).

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ia

Etymology 2
From. In some cases, analysable within German as a regular plural of an earlier form in ; e.g. as an obsolete variant of. The singular ending was sometimes lost, leaving as a new, irregular plural suffix. In other cases, simply following the Latin i-declension (singular in, plural in ).

Usage notes

 * Not all nouns whose Latin plural is necessarily take this ending. Some take a regular plural in, or have both forms alongside (for example, ).

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) ; -ian.

Usage notes

 * Before this ending, becomes ; for instance,   + -ien becomes.

Etymology
From, from.

Suffix

 * 1) -ian

Etymology
From, from.

Suffix

 * 1) -ian