-im

Etymology
either a derivation of from, from  or from.

Article

 * 1) -ism, -ation, -ment; Suffixed to nouns or verbs to form masculine abstract nouns of practice (action or incidence), result, teaching (doctrine or philosophy), or status (state or condition) related to the thing or action

Etymology
From.

Usage notes
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is i, then the suffix is -im. Otherwise, use or.

Etymology
.

Suffix

 * 1)  my ... -s (first-person singular, multiple possessions)

Declension
For back vowel words:

For front vowel words:

Etymology
From. The is always broad (velarized) in Ulster, as if the ending were spelled. This pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as, ,  etc. Compare 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * This form is attached to first-conjugation verbs with stems ending in either a slender consonant or a vowel;
 * Used in place of the pronoun :
 * (stem sú-)
 * (stem sú-)

Suffix

 * 1) Feminine plural agreement suffix

Suffix

 * 1) Feminine plural agreement suffix

Etymology
From.

Usage notes
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is i, then the suffix is -im. Otherwise, use or.

Etymology
From.

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.

Usage notes

 * Turkish has word-final stress. Usually, when the possessive suffix -im is the last syllable of a word, it takes the stress. See also the first usage note of Etymology 2. However, when suffixed to a word with anomalous stress, the same syllable is stressed as before; for example, İzmir /ˈiz.miɾ/ + -im → İzmir’im /ˈiz.mi.ɾim/ (“my Izmir”).
 * If the noun ends in a vowel, the vowel of the possessive suffix is elided, becoming :
 * + -im → kedim (“my cat”).
 * The suffix obeys vowel harmony and is used for words whose last vowel is e or i, and a small number of loan words; for example,  + -im → saatim (“my watch”). It may change into,  and  according to the last vowel of the word it is suffixed to. Examples:
 * + -im → kızım (“my girl (daughter)”) (used when the last vowel is “a” or “ı”);
 * + -im → yolum (“my road”) (used when the last vowel is “o” or “u”);
 * + -im → yüzüm (“my face”) (used when the last vowel is “ö” or “ü”).
 * When a stem ends in a voiced consonant, it may become devoiced in syllable-final position. If a word ends in a thus devoiced “p”, “ç”, “t” or “k”, suffixing it with -im changes it back into a voiced “b”, “c”, “d” or “ğ”:
 * + -im → sebebim (“my reason”);
 * + -im → çekicim (“my hammer”);
 * + -im → senedim (“my bill");
 * + -im → çiçeğim (“my flower”).
 * In many words that are originally monosyllables ending in two consonants, an epenthic “i” is inserted between these consonants. When suffixed with -im, the epenthic “i” is dropped:
 * + -im → beynim (“my brain”).

Etymology 2
From, , from , ultimately from (see ). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The suffix ultimately merged with the first-person singular possessive suffix (see Etymology 1 above) following the road *-bẹn → *-vẹn → *-ẹn → *-ẹm → -im. 11th-century Karakhanid scholar of Turkic languages Kashgari already hints that the Oghuz use *-en dropping /m/ as opposed to the Karakhanid using "-men" Compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬. For a similar case of loss of initial /b/ at the suffix level, compare, from 🇨🇬 (see ).

Suffix

 * 1) Conjugation of the verb "to be" for first-person singular, simple present tense.
 * 2) Personal suffix for "ben" "I" - first person singular
 * 1) Personal suffix for "ben" "I" - first person singular

Usage notes

 * In Turkish, as a word final stress language, when this suffix is at the end of a word it does not take the stress due to not being originally a suffix; therefore a differentiation is realized where the possessive suffix carries the stress. See also the first usage note on Etymology 1.
 * + →, as opposed to  +  →
 * + +  →, as opposed to  +  →
 * + +  →, as opposed to  +  →  or also alternatively  +  →
 * If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "y".
 * It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
 * It's always in present continuous tense. And in other tenses, the personal suffix may also be, ,  according to the last vowel of the word.
 * It's always in present continuous tense. And in other tenses, the personal suffix may also be, ,  according to the last vowel of the word.
 * It's always in present continuous tense. And in other tenses, the personal suffix may also be, ,  according to the last vowel of the word.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Suffix

 * 1) -ism