-ing

Etymology 1
, from, , from , , from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) As true nouns.
 * 2) As gerunds.
 * 1) As gerunds.
 * 1) As gerunds.
 * 1) As gerunds.

Usage notes
Compare, which can be applied to some (Latinate) nouns with almost the same meaning:



In the first and third phrases the words in bold are nouns, while in the second phrase the word in bold is a gerund and the noun is, cognate with.

There was formerly a tendency for the final vowel of a word to contract when this suffix was added; hence,  , but analogy has usually now resulted in restoration of the full form (e.g., ). The same kind of analogy has resulted in pronunciations of such as  (for earlier ).

Translations

 * Catalan:, , -int
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: -ing
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: -ando, -endo, -indo
 * German: Use + infinitive
 * Greek: Use  + second person singular present verb form
 * Icelandic: -ing
 * Interlingua: -ion, -mento, -ar, -er, -ir
 * Italian: -ando,  -endo
 * Japanese: (i.e.,  from ), ,
 * Khmer:
 * Lao:
 * Malay: peng--an
 * Norwegian:
 * Old Norse: -ing
 * Polish: -nie, -cie
 * Portuguese:, -endo, -indo
 * Romanian: -ând, -ind
 * Spanish: -ando, -endo
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish: -yor, -mekte, -makta


 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: -ing
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Italian: -zione (-azione, -uzione), -mento, -aggio
 * Low German: -d
 * German Low German: -en; -inge, -unge
 * Middle Low German: -t; -inge
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: -ing
 * Old Norse: -ing
 * Polish: -nie, -cie
 * Romanian: -re
 * Russian: -а́ние, -е́ние, -о́вка,
 * Swedish:


 * Dutch: -werk,
 * Faroese: -ing
 * Italian: -tura
 * Malay:
 * Old Norse: -ing

Etymology 2
From, , alteration of earlier , , (see ), from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Suffix

 * 1)  Used to form present participles of verbs.
 * , Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”
 * If you are ing to a remote machineyou can simply call, it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will it to an unused local port if necessary.
 * , Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”
 * If you are ing to a remote machineyou can simply call, it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will it to an unused local port if necessary.

Translations

 * Belizean Creole: di
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:, 住
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: -end
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: -v
 * Faroese: -andi
 * Finnish: -va, -vä
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian: /
 * Icelandic: -andi
 * Interlingua: -ante, -ente, -iente
 * Italian: -ante,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Lao:
 * Latin: -ens
 * Neapolitan: -anno, -enno
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, -endo, -indo
 * Russian: -ающий, -ящий, -ущий, -ющий, -ащий, -еющий, -ующий, -я́ющий, -щий
 * Spanish: -ando, -iendo, -yendo
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai: กำลัง-
 * Turkish: -iyor, -yor, -uyor, -ıyor, -üyor,, , -an, -yan

Etymology 3
From, from , from , from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)   -ite.

Etymology
From, , from ,.

Etymology 1
, from, , , from , , from.

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from.

Usage notes
The suffix is no longer productive and is not generally recognised in this meaning. It is found in many place names and surnames, however.

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Most terms suffixed with -ing are borrowed directly from English, but some are not (e.g.,, ).

Etymology
. Doublet of native.

Suffix

 * 1) * 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
 * "de"
 * 1) * 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
 * "de"
 * 1) * 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
 * "de"

- Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.



Usage notes

 * Productive use is chiefly restricted to ad-hoc formations (such as the two examples above).

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Usage notes

 * Nouns derived with this suffix are neuters and their plural end in -ings.
 * The suffix can not only be added to nouns, but also to other parts of speech like adverbs.

Derived terms

 * = (little brother)
 * = Dirnken < Dirn (young girl)
 * = (little daughter)
 * = (little daughter)

Etymology
, from,.

Etymology 1
,, from , from ,.

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Etymology
,, , from ,.

Suffix
or (see below)


 * 1) ; -ing.

Usage notes
The gender is usually or  (in Bokmål) if the word ended in  in Old Norse and  if it ended in  or. Living things like and  are usually  whilst inanimate things like  and  usually are.

Etymology 1
.

Suffix

 * 1) ; -ing.

Etymology 2
From,.

Final

 * 1) used in certain adverbs

Etymology 1
Variant of.

Etymology 2
From, from.

Etymology
,.

Descendants

 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)
 * (fossilized)

Etymology
, from,.

Suffix

 * 1) Forms gerund nouns from verbs

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Most terms suffixed with -ing are borrowed directly from English, but some are not (e.g., (pseudo-anglicism),, ).

Etymology 1
,, from , , from ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)  ; -ation.

Etymology 2
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)   ; -er, -ite. See also.

Etymology
Possibly from. Compare with 🇨🇬 and list of Derived terms.

Usage notes
When directly addressing another person, it is polite to use the plural or  forms.