-kaan

Etymology
According to Hakulinen, from earlier, composed of (as seen in  and ) and , and why the particle is restricted to contexts with negative polarity is not clear. Räisänen (1996) presents an alternative etymology, in which the particle originates from the partitive forms of indefinite pronouns like, , in which it is developed from a reduction of through partitive forms like  >  > , and eventually this long vowel was adapted by analogy to other forms. The ending would have developed into a particle that represents negation, as the partitive case is used for objects in negative sentences. According to this theory, the final -n would be analogous to, but this results in a cyclical etymology, as the -n in is generally taken as analogous to. The particle has also been compared and probably cognate to 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * 1) neither, not ... either also not
 * 2) even implying an extreme example
 * 3) -ever
 * 1) even implying an extreme example
 * 2) -ever
 * 1) even implying an extreme example
 * 2) -ever
 * 1) even implying an extreme example
 * 2) -ever
 * 1) -ever
 * 1) -ever
 * 1) -ever
 * 1) -ever
 * 1) -ever
 * 1) -ever
 * 1) -ever

Usage notes

 * The exact meaning of ( and) depends significantly on its placement within the sentence and the part of speech of the word to which it is attached.
 * This particle can be appended to almost any word that hasn't got any previous enclitic particle, and sometimes also to such words that already have an enclitic particle. One of the few words that can never be attached to is the negative verb . Note that the difference of the meaning or the message changes depending on which word  is attached to: