-ma

Suffix

 * 1)  that, those

Suffix

 * 1) occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names.

Etymology 1
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology 2
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Etymology 1
From, from (compare 🇨🇬 in , ).

Etymology 2
From, from.

Etymology
Might be somewhat related to 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.

Etymology
. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

Usage notes

 * Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel words
 *  is added to front-vowel words

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From ; cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition.

Suffix

 * 1) Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. ).

Etymology
Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Suffix

 * 1) ; to cause to do (the resulting verb is a -class verb)

Etymology
From ; cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Usage notes
Derivations with this suffix are often not transparent, with various changes being found in the stem. Quite likely such derivations are old and this suffix has long since stopped being productive.