-ness

Etymology
From, , from , , from , from.

This suffix was formed already in Proto-Germanic by false division of the final consonant of the preceding stem + the actual suffix. The latter was in turn derived from an earlier, from the verbal suffix + the noun suffix.

Suffix

 * 1) Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".
 * 2) Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.
 * 1) Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.
 * 1) Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.
 * 1) Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.
 * 1) Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.

Usage notes

 * If an adjective ends in -y, then this changes to -i- when -ness is suffixed. This occurs both when the -y is the suffix, as in →  →  (hence -y → ), but also in other cases, as in  → . It does not, however, usually occur when the -y is part of the root, as in  →.
 * Plurals are formed by adding -es, e.g. happiness → happinesses.

Translations

 * Arabic: ـِيَّة,
 * Armenian: -ություն
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Burmese: -ခြင်း, -မှု
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: -semi, -heit
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: სი- -ე, -ობა, -ება
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Greenlandic: -ssuseq
 * Hebrew: ־ות
 * Hindi: -ई
 * Hungarian: /
 * Ido: -eso
 * Indonesian: ke- -an
 * Interlingua:, -tate, -ia, -essa, -itude, -ismo
 * Irish: -acht
 * Italian: -ità, -ezza
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Khmer:, សេចក្តី
 * Korean:
 * Lao:
 * Macedonian: -ност, -ост, -ство
 * Malay:
 * Manx: -aght
 * Marathi: -पणा
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Old English: -nes
 * Old Norse: -naðr, -skapr
 * Old Saxon: -nessi
 * Ottoman Turkish: ـلق, ـلك
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, , , -idão
 * Romani: -ipen
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian: -ность,, -ство, -щи́на
 * Sanskrit: -ईय
 * Slovak: -osť
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: u-
 * Swedish: ,
 * Telugu: -తనము
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, , ,
 * Ukrainian: -ість, -ство
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Welsh:
 * West Frisian: -ens, -heid, -skip
 * Yiddish: ־ניש, ־קייט, ־הייט
 * Zazaki: -ey, -iye, -in

Etymology
From, , from , , from.