-oedd

Etymology
According to Pedersen and Jackson, from both (the nominative plural of masculine and feminine i-stems, from ) and  (the nominative/accusative plural of neuter s-stems, from ); for the development in the latter case compare  from.

According to Morris Jones, from both (the same ending as Pedersen’s ) and  (the nominative plural of masculine yo-stems) when the stress fell on the antepenult.

According to Schrijver, from a that arose when certain neuter s-stems became masculine; Schrijver holds  as the sole descendant of.