-pa

Suffix

 * 1)  this, these

Etymology 1
Related to the locative suffix.

Suffix

 * 1) times;.

Usage notes
The consonantal sound of the syllable of the base numeral adjacent to -pa undergoes regressive assimilation (where a consonantal sound assimilates into the one that follows it) in some situations:
 * -m becomes p:
 * —(combining form cen-, and cem- before p and vowels) →
 * —(combining form ōn-, and ōm- before p and vowels) →
 * —(derived from ) →
 * -uh becomes p:
 * —(combining form nāuh-) →
 * —(derived from ) →

Suffix

 * 1) directions;.

Usage notes
Unlike relational suffixes such as, , or , this suffix cannot attach to possessive prefixes to form relations. However, it can combine with these suffixes on both nouns and possessives, forming directional suffixes with specific directions.

Etymology 1
From (see it for more).

Particle

 * 1)  please, kindly appended to an imperative verb form in order to soften the command or request or turn it into a suggestion, or passive to form an urging hortative
 * 2)  if you like used in giving a non-concrete instruction
 * 3)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 4) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  if you like used in giving a non-concrete instruction
 * 2)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 3) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  if you like used in giving a non-concrete instruction
 * 2)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 3) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  if you like used in giving a non-concrete instruction
 * 2)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 3) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 2) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 2) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 2) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 2) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1)  I wish expresses the speaker's desire for something that is not true
 * 2) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)
 * 1) whether no matter whether or not, no matter (if, what)

Usage notes

 * By changing the tone of voice, the sentences can be turned into ironic statements.
 * As seen above, this particle is used in subjective impressions or opinions, or to soften commands, and thus it is used especially in spoken language. It can, depending on the context, have several meanings that, in English, can usually be expressed only by accentuating the words differently or by adding extra words.
 * Note also that this particle is always appended to either the first or the second word of the clause.
 * In everyday speech, this particle may be used even when there is no intention to give the message a nuance, in which case the particle does not affect the meaning.
 * When added to words ending in, the pronunciation usually shifts to ( >  is a common sandhi phenomenon), such as  being pronounced . In informal settings, the word may also be spelled with  to reflect this, but that is considered nonstandard.

Synonyms

 * (when surprised at something, stronger than -pa)

Etymology 2
The original strong grade of the present active participle suffix.

Usage notes

 * Historically, this suffix is the older form of the active present participle suffix / after stressed syllables, though no longer used in that function in standard Finnish. Some words have preserved the original suffix due to having changed their meaning. Therefore, e.g. is originally the active present participle of, which was later replaced by.

Suffix

 * 1) male human

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * This suffix is dropped whenever another suffix is appended to the word, e.g. →

Quechua

 * Not to be confused with -paq, -pas, or -spa

Suffix

 * qampa sutiyki ("your name")
 * qampa sutiyki ("your name")