-sen

Etymology
From ; the spelling change ø to e is likely a vowel reduction for ease of pronunciation. See.

Suffix

 * 1)  -son;

Pronunciation

 * Voiceless after obstruents, voiced after vowels and sonorants. (In the latter case, may occur regionally or idiolectally in individual words.)
 * Voiceless after obstruents, voiced after vowels and sonorants. (In the latter case, may occur regionally or idiolectally in individual words.)

Etymology 1
From, byform of , from , , from , from. In some cases merged with unrelated, from. Modern formations often interact with the nominal suffix in such a way that it is impossible to say whether the derivation is denominal or deverbal (e.g.  >  >  or  >  > ).

Etymology 2
From, contraction of. Thus a byform of, which occurs in the same areas in seemingly random variation. Compare, another Low German contraction that has often survived unaltered.

Etymology
or. . Cognates to 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1)  -tion

Usage notes
In newer adaptations of English loanwords ending in or, this is now replaced by  in an effort to make the ending of words of this kind uniform with its Dutch-derived counterparts in Indonesian (compare  for  and  for ).

Suffix

 * 1) -son; a suffix used to form patronymic surnames

Etymology
From ; the spelling change ø to e is likely a vowel reduction for ease of pronunciation. See.

Suffix

 * 1) -son

Etymology
or. . Cognates to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) -tion