-ward

Etymology
From, from , earlier (compare , from ).

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 or, and 🇨🇬. Also related to. Compare.

Suffix

 * 1) Forming adverbs denoting course or direction to, or motion or tendency toward, as in "backward", "toward", "forward", etc.
 * 2) Forming adjectives, as in "a backward look", "the northward road", etc; used even by speakers who usually use -wards for adverbs.

Usage notes

 * The choice between -ward and -wards is individual or dialectal; both are widely used with adverbs, though -ward is heavily favoured for adjectives.
 * Adverbs ending in -wards (Anglo-Saxon ) and some other adverbs, such as, , since Old English , etc., originated as genitive forms used adverbially.
 * The adjectives (initial stress) and  have meanings not predictable from the meaning of -ward.
 * has retained the form but lost much of the sense in its use of this suffix.

Translations

 * Arabic: ـًا، ـاً,
 * Dutch:
 * German:
 * Hebrew: ־ה,
 * Hungarian:
 * Navajo: -jigo
 * Swedish: -åt
 * Yiddish: אַר־


 * Dutch:
 * Hungarian: