Appendix:Ancient Greek grammar tables

Declension


Vowel stem in -εύς, -οῦς and -αῦς
The nouns βοῦς and γραῦς are unique.

Irregular nouns
The tables of the irregular nouns do not include the dual number.

! rowspan="3" | ! colspan="2" | ὕδωρ ! colspan="3" | χείρ ! colspan="2" | Neuter ! colspan="3" | Feminine ! Singular ! Plural ! Singular ! Dual ! Plural ! Nominative ! Genitive ! Dative ! Accusative ! Vocative
 * ὕδωρ || ὕδατα  || χείρ  || χεῖρε  || χεῖρες
 * ὕδατος || ὑδάτων  || χειρός  || χεροῖν  || χειρῶν
 * ὕδατι || ὕδασι  || χειρί  || χεροῖν  || χερσί
 * ὕδωρ || ὕδατα  || χεῖρα  || χεῖρε  || χεῖρας
 * ὕδωρ || ὕδατα  || χείρ  || χεῖρε  || χεῖρες
 * }

All the third declension plural suffixes of the dative (-σι) can accept a ν at the end. For example, ὁ γίγας → τοῖς γίγασι and γίγασιν and ἡ γραῦς → ταῖς γραυσί and γραυσίν. 

Vowel stem

 * Three suffixes in ῠς-, ειᾰ-, and -ῠ
 * Three suffixes in ῠς-, ειᾰ-, and -ῠ

Sibilant-stem, two suffixes - three genders

 * The adjectives whose suffix is -ώδης, -ώλης or -ήρης are declined like εὐώδης. The rest raise the accent in several forms. These adjectives are declined this way:

! rowspan="3" | ! colspan="3" | Masculine - Feminine ! colspan="3" | Neuter ! colspan="6" | συνήθης – σύνηθες (stem: συνηθεσ-) –  (stem: ) ! Singular ! Dual ! Plural ! Singular ! Dual ! Plural ! Nominative ! Genitive ! Dative ! Accusative ! Vocative
 * συνήθης || συνήθει  || συνήθεις  || σύνηθες  || συνήθει  || συνήθη
 * συνήθους || συνήθοιν  || συνήθων  || συνήθους  || συνήθοιν  || συνήθων
 * συνήθει || συνήθοιν  || συνήθεσι  || συνήθει  || συνήθοιν  || συνήθεσι
 * συνήθη || συνήθει  || συνήθεις  || σύνηθες  || συνήθει  || συνήθη
 * σύνηθες || συνήθει  || συνήθεις  || σύνηθες  || συνήθει  || συνήθη
 * }

Personal pronoun

 * Attic:

Numerals

 * The numerals from one to four are declined.

Conjugation of verbs
The conjugation within each cell is listed (top to bottom): 1st person singular, 2nd person singular, 3rd person singular, 1st person plural, 2nd person plural, 3rd person plural.

The tables do not include the dual number. To make the dual the following rules can be used:


 * 2nd person dual ("you both"): Replace the final -ε of the 2nd pl. with -ον:
 * λέγετον "you two are saying", εἴπετόν μοι "tell me, both of you".


 * 3rd person dual ("they both"): Replace the final -ε of the 2nd pl. with -ον (present, future, and perfect indicative and all subjunctives) or -ην (imperfect, aorist, pluperfect indicative and all optatives):
 * λέγετον "they both say", ἐλεγέτην "they were both saying".

There is no 1st person dual form in common use.

The verb εἶμι "I (will) go"
In the classical period, the present tense indicative of εἶμι is usually used with future meaning.

The verb ἔχω

 * Only the first person singular is shown.

Verb example

 * The verb λῡ́ω (stem: λῡ-) (= I set loose, release, untangle, take apart) is generally used as a model Greek verb: it is conjugated using the thematic vowel -o-, and has a short and straightforward stem that does not interact with the endings. The only irregularity is that the stem has a long vowel (λῡ- )in the present, future and aorist active and middle (λῡ́ω, λῡ́σω, ἔλῡσα) but a short vowel (λῠ-) in the other tenses (λέλυκα, ἐλελύκη, ἐλύθην, λυθήσομαι, λέλυμαι).

Consonant-stem verbs

 * Perfect and pluperfect indicative of middle and passive voice of verbs whose stem ends with consonant.

Aorist II (also called the strong aorist)

 * Verb: βάλλω

Passive future II and aorist II

 * Verb: γράφομαι

Verbs in -άω
Rules
 * α + ε or η → ᾱ
 * α + ει or ῃ → ᾳ
 * α + ο or ω or ου → ω
 * α + οι → ῳ

Verb τῑμάω → τῑμῶ (st. τῑμα-)

Note that the optative singular of contracted verbs usually has -οιην, -οιης, -οιη rather than the expected -οιμι, -οις, -οι of regular verbs.

Verbs in -έω
Rules
 * ε + ε → ει
 * ε + ο → ου
 * ε + diphthong or long vowel → the diphthong or the long vowel.

Verb ποιέω → ποιῶ (st. ποιε-)

Verbs in -όω
Rules
 * ο + ε or ο or ου → ου
 * ο + η or ω → ω
 * ο + ει or ῃ or οι → οι

Verb δηλόω → δηλῶ (st. δηλο-)

Other tenses
The other tenses are formed without contraction. The vowel of the stem is lengthened and the suffix is added normally. e.g.:
 * τῑμάω → τῑμῶ: future: τῑμήσω, aorist: ἐτῑ́μησα, perfect: τετῑ́μηκα, past perf.: ἐτετῑμήκειν
 * ποιέω → ποιῶ: future: ποιήσω, aorist: ἐποίησα, perfect: πεποίηκα, past perf.: ἐπεποιήκειν
 * δηλόω → δηλῶ: future: δηλώσω, aorist: ἐδήλωσα, perfect: δεδήλωκα, past perf.: ἐδεδηλώκειν

νυ-stem verbs

 * Verb δείκνῡμι "to show" (stem δεικ-)