Appendix:English terms of Native South American origin

An offshoot of Appendix:English terms of Native American origin, this list includes common nouns which originated from Native American language families spoken to the south of the Panama Canal. Terms from language families spoken on both sides of the Canal, or in the Caribbean, are listed separately. See here for a list of place names, personal names and tribe names derived from these languages. (If a common noun is also the name of a tribe, place or person (e.g. "Lima (bean)"), this is noted in this list only in the etymology.)

specific language unclear

 * chullo — "particular Andean style of hat with earflaps, made of wool" — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬
 * coca — "dried leaf of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca, the source of cocaine" — 🇨🇬, perhaps from 🇨🇬
 * cocaine — "stimulant narcotic in the form of a white powder that users generally self-administer by insufflation through the nose" — from "coca"
 * coke — "cocaine", "(serving of) Coca-Cola, any other cola-flavored drink, or any other soft drink" — from "coca" via "cocaine" and "Coca-Cola", respectively

from Aymara

 * alpaca — "Andean lamoid, which resembles a sheep but is related to camels" — 🇨🇬
 * camanchaca — "type of mist found on the west coast of South America by the Atacama Desert, which does not drop rain" — 🇨🇬
 * mauka — "Andean root vegetable Mirabilis expansa (important to the Incas and considered lost until it was rediscovered in three places, the Inca policy of transplanting important crops to preserve them having succeeded)" — from 🇨🇬
 * pachamanca — "(particular) traditional Peruvian dish characteristically baked with the aid of hot stones" — 🇨🇬 +

from Mapudungun

 * colocolo — "small, striped, western-central South American cat (Leopardus colocolo)" — 🇨🇬
 * coypu — "Myocastor coypus, large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (similar to a rat) with bright orange teeth, native to South and North America, Europe and Asia" — 🇨🇬
 * lof — "basic social organization of the Mapuche, Huilliche and Picunche peoples, a (familial) clan which recognizes the authority of a lonco" — 🇨🇬
 * lonko (also: lonco) — "(Mapuche) chief" — 🇨🇬
 * pudu — "very small South American (Andean) deer of the genus Pudu" — 🇨🇬
 * toqui (also: toki) — "(Mapuche) war chief" — 🇨🇬

from Jivaroan (languages)

 * tsantsa — "shrunken head" — 🇨🇬

from Quechuan (languages)

 * achira — "canna lily, the seeds of which yield a purple dye", "edible rhizome (underground stem) of this plant" — from 🇨🇬
 * arracacha — "Arracacia xanthorriza", "starchy taproot of this vegetable, which is edible when cooked" — 🇨🇬
 * ayahuasca — "any of several South American Banisteriopsis vines", " any of various psychoactive infusions or decoctions prepared from this vine" — 🇨🇬
 * caoutchouc — "latex, natural rubber" — 🇨🇬
 * charqui — "jerky" — 🇨🇬
 * condor — "either of two New World vultures: the Andean Vultur gryphus or the Californian Gymnogyps californianus" — 🇨🇬
 * guanaco — "South American ruminant Lama guanicoe" — 🇨🇬
 * guano — "dung of a sea bird or bat" — 🇨🇬 (via 🇨🇬)
 * huatia — "traditional Peruvian earthen oven, used to produce pachamanca, dating back to the time of the Inca" — 🇨🇬
 * jerk — (as a noun:) "meat cured by jerking", (as a verb:) "to cure meat by cutting it into strips and drying it, originally in the sun" — (from the same source as "jerky", "charqui")
 * jerky — "lean meat cured and preserved by cutting into thin strips and air-drying in the sun" — (variant or cognate of "charqui")
 * lagniappe — "extra gift, such as a seller gives a buyer when the buyer purchases something else" — 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬, a variant of, from 🇨🇬,
 * lima bean (or: Lima bean) — "butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus)" — named after the city of "Lima", from Coastal 🇨🇬
 * llama — "South American lamoid of the camel family, used as a domestic beast of burden and a source of wool and meat" — 🇨🇬 (via 🇨🇬)
 * mate (also: maté) — "evergreen tree Ilex paraguariensis", "tea-like beverage made from the dried leaves of this plant" — 🇨🇬
 * oca — "herbaceous perennial plant Oxalis tuberosa", "edible tuber of this plant" — 🇨🇬
 * pampas — "extensive grassy plains of South America south of the Amazon" — 🇨🇬
 * pampas deer — "small South American deer, Odocoileus bezoarticus" — from "pampas"
 * pique — "chigger, Tunga penetrans" — 🇨🇬
 * pisco — "South American liquor (brandy) distilled from grapes" — 🇨🇬 pishku, pisqu
 * poncho — "simple garment, made from a rectangle of cloth, with a slit in the middle for the head", "raincoat" — 🇨🇬
 * puma — "mountain lion, cougar" — 🇨🇬 *
 * quinine — "bitter alkaloid powder derived from cinchona bark, used to treat malaria" — 🇨🇬
 * quinoa — "Andean goosefoot Chenopodium quinoa, cultivated for its edible fruits/seeds", "high-protein dried fruits/seeds of this plant, used as a food staple and ground into flour" — 🇨🇬
 * quipu — "Andean (Incan) recording device consisting of colored, spun, and plied thread or strings from llama or alpaca hair, with numeric values encoded by knots in a base ten positional system" — Cusco-Collao 🇨🇬
 * ulluco — "Ullucus tuberosus", "edible tuber of this plant, which resembles and is cooked like a potato" — 🇨🇬
 * vicuna (also: vicuña) — "South American hoofed mammal, Vicugna vicugna, closely related to the alpaca, llama, and guanaco" — 🇨🇬
 * wiphala — "square emblem, commonly used as a flag, representing the native peoples of the central Andes of Bolivia" — (South?) Bolivian 🇨🇬

specific lect unclear

 * cougar — "puma", "middle-aged woman who seeks casual, often sexual, companionship of younger males" — (from 🇨🇬, from Brasilian 🇨🇬 *suçuarana, *çuçuarana) either from 🇨🇬/🇨🇬 (from ) (compare ) or form 🇨🇬
 * jaguar — "carnivorous, large, spotted Central and South American cat, Panthera onca" — either from 🇨🇬 or from 🇨🇬/🇨🇬
 * jaguarundi (many rare variants exist, such as: yagouarondi) — "medium-sized Central and South American cat, Puma yagouaroundi" — either from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬/🇨🇬
 * maraca — "Latin American percussion instrument consisting of a hollow-gourd rattle containing pebbles or beans, often played in pairs", (in the plural "maracas":) "breasts" — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬

from Tupian (not Guaraní) lects

 * abacaxi — "large Brazilian pineapple" — 🇨🇬
 * acai berry — "fruit of the tree Euterpe olearacea" — (via Portuguese, from) 🇨🇬
 * acajou — "cashew tree", "cashew nut"; "mahogany tree", "mahogany wood" — from the same 🇨🇬 root as "cashew" (or 🇨🇬)
 * acapu — "any of several tropical trees" — (via Portuguese, from) 🇨🇬
 * acouchi — "rodent similar to an agouti, but with a small tail" — 🇨🇬 (whence also agouti)
 * agouti — "rodent similar to a guinea pig but with longer legs", "(pattern of) fur in which hairs have several bands of light and dark pigment and black tips" — 🇨🇬 (whence also acouchi)
 * ai — "three-toed maned sloth (Bradypus tridactylus)" — 🇨🇬
 * ananas — "pineapple" — 🇨🇬 (via the scientific name if not directly)
 * anhinga — "fish-eating bird Anhinga anhinga", "any bird of the family Anhingidae" — 🇨🇬 (also transcribed as or )
 * ani — "near-passerine bird of the genus Crotophaga in the cuckoo family" — 🇨🇬
 * arariba — "any of several trees" — (via Portuguese, from) 🇨🇬
 * candiru (or: candirú) — "Vandellia cirrhosa, a small parasitic fish native to the Amazon river" — 🇨🇬
 * capybara — "large, tailless South American rodent (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬, from +  +  +
 * caracara — "any of several Central and South American Falconidae birds of prey" — from a 🇨🇬 onomatopoeic representation of its cry
 * cashew — "Anacardium occidentale tree", "small, kidney-shaped, edible nut of this tree" — 🇨🇬 or
 * cayenne — "particular spicy pepper", "powder which results from the pestling of this pepper" — 🇨🇬
 * coati — "any of several omnivorous mammals of the genus Nasua and order Carnivora" — 🇨🇬
 * coatimundi — "(any of various) particular coati(s)" — (the first element is "coati", from 🇨🇬)
 * cotinga — "any of the neotropical passerine birds of the genus Cotinga" — 🇨🇬
 * ipecac — "syrup of ipecac, an emetic", "ipecacuanha (the plant or its root)" — shortening of "ipecacuanha"
 * ipecacuanha — "Psychotria ipecacuanha, a flowering plant", "root of this plant, which has medicinal uses especially when powdered" — 🇨🇬, from +  +
 * jaboticaba (also: jabuticaba) — "evergreen Brazilian grape tree Myrciaria cauliflora", "purplish-black, white-pulped fruit of this tree, which may be eaten raw or used in jellies and drinks" — 🇨🇬 or
 * jacana — "plover-like wading bird of the family Jacanidae, having long legs and toes" — 🇨🇬
 * jacaranda — "any of several trees of the genus Jacaranda, which have pale purple, funnel-shaped flowers", "hard, dark, often fragant wood of these trees" — 🇨🇬
 * jacare (also: yacare) — "caiman, alligator" — 🇨🇬 (?)
 * jararaca — "venomous South American snake Bothrops jaracara" — 🇨🇬
 * macaw — "any of several species of parrot of the genera Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Primolius, Orthopsittaca and Diopsittaca" — 🇨🇬
 * manioc — "cassava" — 🇨🇬
 * margay — "Central and South American spotted cat Leopardus wiedii" — 🇨🇬
 * piranha (or: piraña) — "any of the carnivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers and belonging to the families of Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus" — from 🇨🇬/🇨🇬 (there are several theories regarding the second element, some of which invoke 🇨🇬)
 * pororoca — "tidal bore, wave (or series of waves) which travels up thee Amazon and adjacent rivers" — from a 🇨🇬 word meaning "great destructive noise"
 * tajassu — "common peccary, an animal similar to a pig" — probably from 🇨🇬
 * tanager — "any of several American passerine birds of the family Thraupidae, which inhabit forests" — 🇨🇬
 * tapioca — "starchy, powdery or pearly extract of the cassava" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬
 * tapir — "large browsing mammal, similar in shape to a pig" — 🇨🇬
 * toucan — "any of various frugivorous birds of the family Ramphastidae, which have large, colorful beaks" — 🇨🇬, which probably originated as an imitation of its cry
 * toucan crossing — "pedestrian and bike crossing with traffic lights operated by those wishing to cross: a pelican crossing which also allows bicycles to cross" — a pun; the crossing is like a "pelican crossing", but "two can" cross (walkers and riders)
 * tucum — "strong fibre obtained from the palm Astrocaryum vulgare", "this palm" — via 🇨🇬 from 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬?)

from Sateré-Mawé

 * guarana — "Paullinia cupana", "fruit of this tree" — (via 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬, from) 🇨🇬

from Guaraní lects

 * manihot — (obsolete:) "manioc, cassava" — 🇨🇬
 * maracuja — "passion fruit" — 🇨🇬
 * nandu — "any of three species of South American ostriches" — 🇨🇬
 * petunia — "(member of a) genus of flowering plants of the genus Petunia" — 🇨🇬