Appendix:Finnish numbers

Table

 * See here for a longer table.

Cardinals
The cardinal numbers from 11 to 19 are composed with suffix :, ...

The cardinal numbers from 20 to 99 are composed according to the pattern (&mdash;) + + (&mdash;).

Hundreds are simply added to the same set, one hundred in nominative and the hundreds of two hundred&mdash;nine hundred in partitive.

Ordinals
The ordinal numbers from 11th to 19th are the ordinal numbers 1st to 9th with suffix, with 11th and 12th being exceptions: , , ...

The ordinal numbers from 20th to 99th are the cardinal numbers with all components receiving the ordinal suffix:

is used with the decades and, it may also, alongside, optionally be used for units. Both and  are acceptable.

The same pattern continues for higher numerals, with all components receiving the suffix.

Archaic
Numbers from 21 to 99 (except for the tens 30s, 40s, etc.) used to be formed as the unit (either in cardinal or ordinal) followed by the partitive singular form of the ordinal of the next number in tens, similar to how 11 to 19 is formed as 1-9 +. Thus, 21 used to be ( + ), while 21st would have been  or  (/ + ). These forms have fallen out of use and are now considered archaic.

Etymologically all of these forms are by ellipsis; the word is left out. For example, was originally.

Writing conventions
When written in numeric form, cardinal numbers are divided in "groups of three" with spaces: 1,000,000,000 → 1 000 000 000. The space is non-breaking and the numeral may not be split into separate lines. When writing decimal numbers, the period and the comma are reversed in comparison with English: 1,000.31 -> 1.000,31. Thus, instead of a decimal point there is.

When writing a cardinal number out as text, each "group of three" is written together as one word, separated with a space from the powers of ten (,, ...):
 * 300 700 400 283 ->

Ordinals are usually abbreviated as the number followed by a period or full stop, (e.g. 1. 2. 3. 39.). An alternative is to write the numeral followed by the corresponding ordinal number ending (for, ) or  (other numerals), which can then be inflected (unlike the two aforementioned forms), e.g. ,  (genitive singular forms: , ). This form is used when the inflectional ending is not clear from context (e.g. indicated by the following word) or if the numeral is at the end of a sentence to avoid a double period. Furthermore, in the names of monarchs, popes or other dignitaries, the Roman numerals are used (without a period).

Pronunciation
Contrary to the spelling, all powers of ten (and their multipliers) get their own primary stress. For example, is pronounced as if. The last term (e.g. the units place) is usually given somewhat more stress.

Grammar


With a numeral other than in the nominative case, the main word is in partitive case. In other cases, the cardinal number and the word it defines are congruent:

In the above case, the accusative case of a numeral is always equivalent in form to the nominative case, never the genitive:

(not )

The plural forms are used mainly with words that are used only in plural:

All the declinable parts of a number are in the same case:

When the number is written in numeric form, the case suffix of the last declinable part is added to the number with a colon. However, the case ending is not written if it is clear from context, e.g. when indicated by the following word:

Inexact quantities
Inexact quantities may always be expressed with the adverb. The numbers 3 to 10 have also a specific inexact form, which is formed with the suffix :, , , , , , ,. They may be combined with, , etc. for larger quantities, e.g.  (~5,000,000). The corresponding form for is. It behaves otherwise similarly, but cannot be combined with.

Number of repetitions
The number of repetitions may always be expressed with. The numbers 2 to 10 plus 100, 1.000 and 1.000.000 have also a specific repetitive form which is formed with suffix :, , , , , , , , , , ,. They may be combined with, , etc. for larger quantities.

Number of people present
The numbers 2 to 6 have adverbial forms that express how many people are present or acting in unison: /, /, /,,.