Appendix:French doublets

Standard pairs
Both terms are (almost) a direct match etymologically speaking (minimal analogical alteration in the inherited term), and (at least somewhat) common in standard French.

Semi-learned
An inherited term was remodelled after its etymon (a process called ), or a borrowing was heavily Frenchified. There are many instances.

Latinisms
Latinisms, also called s, most of them are scientific terms.

Middle French
Middle French had an inherited term, completely replaced by a borrowed one in Modern French. These are very numerous.

Middle French had a borrowed term which didn't survive

Old French
Old French had an inherited term, completely replaced by a borrowed one in Modern French. These are very numerous.

Borderline cases
Too much analogy in the inherited term (change of prefix or suffix, conflation with other words, etc.) for it to be a real doublet.

Partial correspondences

 * One is borrowed, the other inherited


 * Both are inherited

Old French 1
>> OUTSIDE OF SCOPE The inherited terms in Modern French usually come from the objective case, which was longer. For a few words however, the subjective case was kept.

Old French 2
>> OUTSIDE OF SCOPE Useless, but funny.

From spelling variants to doublets
Formed in French.

French participles
Slightly outside of scope.

Dialectal loans
For some of these, a process that was originally dialectal became temporarily productive in central French due to limited analogy -- this was the case with devoicing of the final palatals, as Mazzola notes.

Borrowings from English
A fair amount of them are reborrowings (i.e. the English term was borrowed from French or Old French).

Borrowings from Italian
Some of them are unadapted borrowings. The musical terms especially could be seen as instances of code-switching rather than plain French terms; some of them are reborrowings from French anyway.

False doublets
One or both of the terms doesn't directly come from the Latin term, but was formed (*) in French or in the language from which it was borrowed.