Appendix:Hungarian low-vowel words

Low-vowel words (Hungarian ; see also the article in the Hungarian Wikipedia) take a more open vowel than usual for their linking vowel:
 * back-vowel types take instead of the regular ,
 * while rounded front-vowel types take instead of the regular.

These words use this low linking vowel in the accusative even if it is not justified by the ending consonant, for example (low-vowel) vs. (regular), from  and.

Apart from the accusative, it affects the plural , the possessive-suffixed forms (first and second person singular, second person plural: , , //), the distributive , and the sociative /. As far as derivational suffixes are concerned, the adjective-forming suffix, and the ordinal-forming suffix , the diminutive suffix /, and the verb forming suffixes / and are also affected.

Back-vowel words
The words  and   might have this kind of suffix in the plural, although their normal inflection is the regular one.

The nouns and  are exceptional in terms of their linking vowel; the regular (adjectival) derivations would be  and.

Non-noun elements of this group
Most of the adjectives (e.g., , , excluding nationalities like ), past participle and verbal participle forms, definite numerals , and pronouns , as well as the indefinite numerals (e.g. , ) can be grouped here, including the numeral sense of. However, the definite numeral is inflected as a regular noun.

Already inflected word forms that take further inflectional suffixes will also take the low-vowel variant (that is, after the past tense, the subjunctive and its alternative forms in verbs, the plural  and any possessive suffix in nouns, and the comparative degree  and the marking suffix  in adjectives and some pronouns).

Overlap with other groups

 * The back-vowel nouns in the loss-of-length group belong here:, , , , , /, , , , , , , , , , (in the sense “summer”), , , , , , , , , , and , as well as the numeral.
 * A few back-vowel nouns in the fleeting-vowel group also belong here:, , , , , (in the sense “heel”), , , as well as the numeral  and all nouns ending in  (except , not a derivation).
 * The back-vowel words among v-stem words take the low-vowel stem after the v, namely / (formally the plural and the possessive of ),, , , , , and optionally the v-variant forms of and.
 * The ú~a stems like and  may also take the low-vowel, as well as  and  (in the sense “son”).

(Rounded) front-vowel words
Note that these words do take the vowel in two forms that have a 3-way distinction, the superessive and the allative (e.g.  and ), despite having the low-vowel  in the accusative, the plural, and in adjective- or adverb-forming suffixed forms.

The word may also take the low linking vowel in the accusative (and rarely in other forms).

Non-noun elements of this group
All front-vowel adjectives (e.g., , excluding nationalities like ), past participle forms and any adjectives and/or nouns derived from them (, , , , , etc.), as well as the irregular comparative ), can be grouped here. Some nouns whose meaning have departed far from the participle sense might take the regular suffix, e.g.  → , as opposed to , which latter sense only allows for the low vowel.

Overlap with other groups

 * The words, , and are also part of the loss-of-length group.
 * Among v-stem words,, , , and also take the low vowel -e- after the v.

Unrounded front-vowel words
Certain unrounded front-vowel words may also be counted in this group, based on the fact that (considering their stem-final consonant[s]) they could take for their accusative, and yet they take :
 * those ending in j or ly: ', ' and  (compare e.g. + ‑t,  + ‑t)
 * those ending in l:  (compare e.g. + ‑t)
 * those ending in ll:  (compare e.g. + ‑t)
 * those ending in ny:  (compare e.g. + ‑t)
 * those ending in z: ' (compare e.g. + ‑t) and ' (compare e.g.  + ‑t,  + ‑t)

Overlap with other groups

 * The words, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and are also part of the loss-of-length group.