Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

This is a list of Hungarian suffixes (and case endings) categorized by the part of speech they form.

Overview
There are three major groups of suffixes in Hungarian. Although there are no strict definitions and crisp borders between the categories, they are traditionally categorized as follows.
 * , the present participle of
 * They come immediately after the stem. They substantially change the meaning of the word, many times even the part of speech (only this type can change the part of speech). Multiple such suffixes can be appended after each other. Not all of them are productive.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : The -ít képző-type suffix does not come immediately after the stem. It is preceded by the jel-type suffix -ebb.
 * They modify the meaning of the word slightly but the word still refers to the same concept. They stand between the képző-type suffixes, and the rag-type suffixes.
 * → (Exception: képző-type suffixes can be attached after this one)
 * They embed the word into the sentence according to the role of the word. For nouns these are the case endings, for verbs the conjugational endings. No other morpheme can be added after a rag-type suffix so there can be only one of them in a word, at the end.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : két-szer-es - the rag-type suffix -szer is not the closing element of the word. The képző-type suffix -es is placed after it.
 * → (Exception: képző-type suffixes can be attached after this one)
 * They embed the word into the sentence according to the role of the word. For nouns these are the case endings, for verbs the conjugational endings. No other morpheme can be added after a rag-type suffix so there can be only one of them in a word, at the end.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : két-szer-es - the rag-type suffix -szer is not the closing element of the word. The képző-type suffix -es is placed after it.
 * They embed the word into the sentence according to the role of the word. For nouns these are the case endings, for verbs the conjugational endings. No other morpheme can be added after a rag-type suffix so there can be only one of them in a word, at the end.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : két-szer-es - the rag-type suffix -szer is not the closing element of the word. The képző-type suffix -es is placed after it.
 * They embed the word into the sentence according to the role of the word. For nouns these are the case endings, for verbs the conjugational endings. No other morpheme can be added after a rag-type suffix so there can be only one of them in a word, at the end.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : két-szer-es - the rag-type suffix -szer is not the closing element of the word. The képző-type suffix -es is placed after it.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : két-szer-es - the rag-type suffix -szer is not the closing element of the word. The képző-type suffix -es is placed after it.
 * Exceptions to the standard order: : két-szer-es - the rag-type suffix -szer is not the closing element of the word. The képző-type suffix -es is placed after it.

Adjective-forming suffixes
Word-final become  before suffixes, although few of them are still productive (these are marked in bold). The non-lengthening suffixes are ' (along with ),, and ', which leave all preceding vowels unchanged.

Noun-forming suffixes
Word-final become  before suffixes, although few of them are still productive (these are marked in bold). A non-lengthening suffix is , which leaves all preceding vowels unchanged.

Diminutive suffixes
See also
 * 33 Diminutive Suffixes by Balázs Géza (text in Hungarian)
 * 33 Diminutive Suffixes by Balázs Géza (text in Hungarian)

Compound suffixes

 * -asával/-esével/-osával/-ösével
 * hármasával
 * egyesével
 * hatosával
 * ötösével
 * -ászat/-észet
 * vadászat
 * nyelvészet
 * -hatatlan/-hetetlen
 * elvégezhetetlen
 * megoldhatatlan
 * -ható/-hető
 * választható
 * élvezhető
 * -ias/-ies
 * házias
 * gépies
 * -kás/-kés
 * bohókás
 * édeskés
 * -lagos/-leges
 * fajlagos, vagylagos
 * semleges
 * -ós/-ős
 * rágós, pirítós
 * csípős, evezős
 * -ságos/-séges
 * jóságos, túlságos
 * bőséges, felséges, gyönyörűséges, szépséges
 * -sias/-sies
 * falusias
 * -sít/-asít/-esít/-osít/-ösít
 * állandósít
 * sokasít, forradalmasít
 * kézbesít, értesít, (?) németesít
 * gyarmatosít, államosít, összpontosít, központosít, (?) magyarosít
 * (?) törökösít, görögösít
 * -skedik/-skodik/-sködik
 * hülyéskedik, hatalmaskodik, főnökösködik


 * -sul
 * állandósul
 * -szoros/-szeres/-szörös
 * hatszoros
 * kétszeres
 * ötszörös
 * -ta/-te
 * tudta
 * érkezte

Foreign word suffixes
The table below contains typical endings of foreign words.

Case suffixes
Word-final become  before case endings, with the exception of the essive-formal , which leaves all preceding vowels unchanged. (For more information and examples, see Usage notes at the entries of the suffixes.)

By reference to position or direction
For verbs that take separative, locative, or lative suffixes, only the cases and suffixes in the first three rows (inside, surface, proximity) are to be considered. The subsequent rows are merely an addition to the table; they are not part of the original conceptual framework, helpful as they may be.

Adverb-forming nominal suffixes
The following endings are not case endings from a strictly syntactic point of view; most of them create adverbs.

Word-final become  before these suffixes, with the exception of ' and ', which leave all preceding vowels unchanged.

Possessive suffixes
See also Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes.

Infinitive suffixes
The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning. The following example illustrates how a sentence can be misinterpreted if the infinitive is not conjugated.

In the above example it is not clear who gives and receives the explanation. It is possible that the child has a hard time to explain something, but it's also possible that someone has a hard time to explain something to the child. Using the appropriate conjugation, the meaning becomes clear:

Conjugational suffixes
Conjugational Suffixes