Appendix:Italian nouns

Inflection
s are usually considered as having not a proper system, having only the, however, they can be inflected by  and by.

Gender and number
Italian nouns have two grammatical genders ( and ) and two numbers ( and ).

Except for some loanwords as from,  from  and  from , all Italian nouns have a suffix to distinguish between genders and numbers.

Nouns with both masculine and feminine genders
Generally Italian nouns which have both masculine and feminine genders are inflected as in the following tables: but ///, or

or, as ///, or, as ///,

Words penultimate stressed which ends by -io (except -glio and -gnio) (pronounced ): Govern rank nouns, some profession nouns, and, as their translations in English, are inflected as in the following tables: for govern rank nouns as /, /, /, ..., but /, some profession nouns, / and /, and /, or

for profession nouns as /, / and /.

Other examples of nouns with irregular gender "inflection" are ///, ///

Masculine nouns
Both masculine singular nouns ending by -o or by -e have a plural by -i.

Masculine nouns penultimate stressed ending by -io pronounced (except -glio and -gnio) have plural by -i or (dated since half of the XX century) -î or -ii, both pronounced.

Masculine singular nouns ending by -e have a truncated form (rare in familiar speech, more common in polite speech), for example ////.

Feminine nouns
Feminine singular nouns ending by -a have a plural by -e.

Feminine singular nouns ending by -e have a plural by -i.

Nouns invariable by number
Are invariable by number nouns ending by stressed vowel (stresses in monosyllable nouns may be implied) (,, , , , , , , , ...), nouns ending by -i (, , ...) or by -ie (, , ...) (except -glie), masculine nouns ending by -a (, , , , ..., but /), feminine noun ending by -o , nouns (mainly loanwords from germanic languages or from French) ending by consonant or semiconsonant, some masculine bisyllabic noun ending by -o.

Nouns with -c-, -ci-, -g- or -gi- in the last syllable which become respectively -ch-, -c-, -gh- and -g- in the plural
Depending by the etymology, nouns with a c or a g in the last syllable may have a  in the written form to avoid in the pronunciation. Examples are ///, ///, /, ///, /, /.

Alterations
Italian nouns can be altered using suffixes, not all the Italian nouns have standard alterations.

Irregular plurals
'''The table below lists Italian words that have irregular plurals. Not included are words that follow any of the following rules:'''


 * 1) Words that end in a that change the final vowel to e (eg, )
 * 2) Words that end in cia that change this ending to ce (eg, )
 * 3) Words that end in co or ca that change these endings to chi or che, respectively (eg, ' and ')
 * 4) Words that end in e that change the final vowel to i (eg, )
 * 5) Words that end in gia that change this ending to ge (eg, )
 * 6) Words that end in go or ga that change these endings to ghi or ghe, respectively (eg, ' and ')
 * 7) Words that end in i that do not change in the plural (eg, )
 * 8) Words that end in io that change this ending to i or ii (eg, ', which becomes ', and ', which becomes ')
 * 9) Words that end in io pronounced that change with ending i (pronounced ) or (rare, correct but virtually unused since half of the XX century) î (pronounced, which is correct, but unused and sounds weird to native speakers since half of the XX century) (eg, ', which becomes ' or )
 * 10) Words of Greek origin that end in ma or ta that change these endings to mi or ti, respectively. (eg, ' and ')
 * 11) Words that end in o that change the final vowel to i (eg, )
 * 12) Words of one syllable that do not change in the plural (eg, )
 * 13) Words stressed on the final syllable, which do not change in the plural (eg, )
 * 14) Words of foreign origin that do not change in the plural (eg, )
 * 15) Short forms, which do not change in the plural (eg, )
 * 16) Symbols or letters, which do not change in the plural