Appendix:Malay–Tagalog relations

This appendix contains the relations between the languages Malay and Tagalog.

Malay and Tagalog are two of the most spoken Austronesian languages. Malay is spoken in Malaysia (as Malaysian), Brunei, Singapore and Indonesia (as both as the national language Indonesian and as a regional language). Malay-based pidgins and creoles are also spoken in other parts of maritime Southeast Asia. Tagalog is spoken in the Philippines, as a first language around Manila and surrounding provinces and a second language elsewhere; it serves as the basis of the national language Filipino, one of the Philippines' official languages alongside English. Malay and Tagalog are Malayo-Polynesian languages; while distantly related, they share many cognates, but they are not mutually intelligible, and there are also many false friends and false cognates speakers of both languages can encounter.

Unless otherwise indicated, Malay terms listed here usually refer to Standard Malay words (as used in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore). For Tagalog, terms used in the standard language of Manila is used. Schwa in most Malay words are generally written with a unaccented E in dictionaries; É is used for the conventional E sounds.

Cognates
Malay and Tagalog share many cognates, especially in core vocabulary and early loanwords. Most Malay-Tagalog cognates descend from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and Proto-Austronesian, or are loanwords, some directly from Malay or from another language via Malay. For each of these forms, a Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) reconstruction is given, or the ultimate ancestor in the case of loanwords which came to Tagalog via Malay. Glosses are given for each term in case the Malay and Tagalog differ in meaning. This list mostly excludes cognates with the same spelling, except where they have different meanings. Some Malay forms are similar to Tagalog cognates in Kapampangan, except they are differently pronounced.


 * - (PMP *qabu)
 * - (PMP *wada)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *aku)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *qahəlu)
 * - (PMP *qalun)
 * - (PMP *qaluʀ)
 * - (PMP *hamuk)
 * - (PMP *anay)
 * - (PMP *anak)
 * - (PMP *haŋin)
 * - (PMP *aŋkat)
 * - (PMP *hakut)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *qantuk)
 * - (PMP *hapuy)
 * - (PMP *hapit)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *hasaq)
 * - (PMP *qaləsəm)
 * , -  (PMP *hasaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay < PMP *qasəb)
 * - (PMP *qasin)
 * - (PMP *qatəp)
 * - (PMP *atas)
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *babuy)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *bahaq)
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * , -  (PMP *baqəʀu)
 * - (borrowed from Persian )
 * - (PMP *bakul)
 * - (PMP *bakuŋ)
 * - (PMP *balay)
 * - (PMP *balik)
 * - (PMP *balu)
 * - and  (PMP *balut)
 * - (PMP *banaqaʀ)
 * - (PMP *baŋkay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *baŋun)
 * - (PMP *bantaq)
 * - (PMP *baʀah)
 * - (PMP *baʀəq)
 * - (PMP *habaʀat)
 * - (PMP *baʀu)
 * - (PMP *basəq)
 * - (PMP *batu)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *bahu, *bahuq)
 * - (PMP *baba)
 * - (PMP *babaq)
 * - (PMP *bawaŋ)
 * - (PMP *bayaD)
 * - (PMP *bayuquŋ)
 * - (PMP *bəjbəj)
 * - (PMP *bibi)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (PMP *bəkas; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan )
 * - (PMP *baladaw)
 * - (PMP *bəlaq)
 * - (PMP *balakaŋ)
 * - (PMP *balalaŋ)
 * - and  (PMP *balanak)
 * - (PMP *balaŋa)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *bəli)
 * - (PMP *balian; Tagalog is borrowed from Cebuano )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *baliŋbíŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *banban)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *binəhiq)
 * - and  (PMP *baʀani; Tagalog bayani is borrowed from Kapampangan while balani is borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *bəʀas)
 * - (PMP *bəʀəqat)
 * - (PMP *bəʀay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *bəʀkəs)
 * - (PMP *bəʀtas)
 * , -  (PMP *baysan)
 * - and  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *bətiəs, *bitiəs)
 * - (PMP *bihaʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *bayawak)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *bibiʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Chinese )
 * - (PMP *bilaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *babahi, *binahi)
 * - (PMP *bituqən)
 * - (PMP *biʀaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay?)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Chinese?)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (PMP *buhat)
 * - (PMP *buqaya)
 * - (PMP *bubu)
 * - (PMP *buqbuq)
 * - (PMP *bukbuk)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *bukij)
 * - (PMP *bukuh)
 * - (PMP *bulan)
 * - (PMP *bulaʀ)
 * - (PMP *bulu)
 * - (PMP *bubuŋ)
 * - (PMP *buŋa)
 * - (PMP *buŋkus)
 * - (PMP *buntut)
 * - (PMP *bunuq)
 * - (PMP *buñi; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan)
 * - (PMP *buʀah)
 * - (PMP *buʀaw)
 * -, (PMP *buʀuk; Tagalog bulok is borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *busuŋ)
 * - (PMP *busuʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *butuq)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *cabaŋ)
 * - (PMP *cəkig)
 * - (PMP *buʀəhu)
 * - and  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Chinese )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay?)
 * - (PMP *ciap)
 * - (borrowed from Spanish )
 * - (borrowed from Chinese )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Vulgar Latin *dadu via Portuguese/Spanish)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *dakəp)
 * - and  (PMP *daləm)
 * - and  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *damay)
 * - and  (PMP *danaw)
 * - (PMP *daŋdaŋ)
 * - (PMP *dapuʀ)
 * - (PMP *daʀa, *dadaʀa)
 * - and  (PMP *daʀat; Tagalog dalatan is borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *datəŋ)
 * - (PMP *dataʀ)
 * - (PMP *datu)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *dahun)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *dəkdək)
 * - (PMP *dapdap)
 * - (PMP *dəkət)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *dəmdəm; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan )
 * - (PMP *dəŋəʀ)
 * - (PMP *dəpah)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *diŋdiŋ)
 * - (PMP *hadiʀi)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *duha, *daduha)
 * - (PMP *dukduk)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *duyuŋ)
 * - (PMP *ikuʀ)
 * - (PMP *qilag)
 * - (PMP *iliŋ)
 * - (PMP *ambun)
 * - (PMP *əpat, *a-əpat)
 * - (PMP *əmpu)
 * - (PMP *ənəm, *a-ənəm)
 * - (PMP *qanahaw)
 * - (PMP *həŋaq)
 * - (PMP *ikahu)
 * - (borrowed from Chinese )
 * - (PMP *isud)
 * - (PMP *ənzak)
 * - (PMP *həʀəŋ)
 * - (PMP *həʀət, *huməʀət)
 * - (PMP *əsa, *isa)
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Portuguese )
 * - (borrowed from Malay?)
 * - (borrowed from Malay via Spanish )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *gatəl)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *gəmgəm, *kəmkəm)
 * - (PMP *gasgas)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *gigil)
 * - (PMP *giliŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (PMP *guris)
 * , -  (PMP *guham, *ʀuham)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *qabuk)
 * ,  -  and  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *laqia)
 * , -  (PMP *qaluhipan)
 * - (PMP *qabat)
 * - (PMP *qaŋəlit)
 * - (PMP *hatəD)
 * - (PMP *qanitu)
 * - (PMP *qañud)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *qaʀus)
 * - (PMP *qatay)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * ,  -  (PMP *qapəju)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * ,  -  (PMP *hidap)
 * - (PMP *ijuŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * ,  -  (PMP *qipit)
 * - (PMP *qipun)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *hiʀup)
 * - (PMP *qitəm)
 * - (PMP *quzan)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *qulu)
 * - (PMP *huluʀ)
 * - (PMP *hunus)
 * ,  -  (PMP *qutaŋ)
 * - (PMP *ia, *si ia)
 * - (PMP *ibus)
 * - (PMP *iŋat)
 * - (borrowed from Chinese?)
 * - (PMP *hipaʀ)
 * - (PMP *qipil)
 * - (borrowed from Malay?)
 * - (PMP *qiʀik)
 * - (borrowed from  via Malay)
 * - (PMP *itik)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *zaqit)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *zalan)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *zaʀum; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *zaʀami; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *zuʀuq)
 * - (PMP *kabiʀ)
 * - (PMP *kawil)
 * - (PMP *kawit)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kaka)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kami)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kapis)
 * - (PMP *kapit)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *qapuʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - and  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (PMP *katiʀ)
 * - (PMP *kawaq)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kaya)
 * - (PMP *kahiw)
 * - (PMP *ka- -an)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kəzap)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *-pəs)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *qətut)
 * - (PMP *kəpəl)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * -, (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kərət, *gərət)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Ancient Greek )
 * , -  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *katapaŋ)
 * , -  (PMP *katuk)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kilat)
 * - (PMP *kima)
 * - (PMP *kiñaŋ)
 * - (PMP *kita)
 * - (PMP *kunu)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kutiŋ)
 * - (PMP *kuhit)
 * - (PMP *kuhkuh)
 * - (PMP *kuDkuD)
 * - (PMP *kulat)
 * - and  (PMP *abuqaŋ)
 * - (PMP *gumi, *kumis)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *-muʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ŋuyaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - and  (PMP *kuʀita)
 * - (PMP *kuruŋ)
 * - and  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *kutu)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * , -  (PMP *lawaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *laŋu)
 * - (PMP *laŋaw)
 * - (PMP *laŋit)
 * - (PMP *lakas, *laŋkas)
 * - (PMP *lapaq)
 * - (borrowed from Latin  via Portuguese/Spanish)
 * - (PMP *lapuk)
 * - (PMP *latak)
 * - (PMP *lahuk)
 * - (PMP *laun)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *laban)
 * - (PMP *lawi)
 * - (PMP *layaʀ)
 * - (PMP *labiq)
 * - (PMP *ləcak, *lucak)
 * , -  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *liqəʀ)
 * ,  -  (PMP *laki, *lalaki)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ləŋa)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (PMP *ləkuŋ, *ləŋkuŋ)
 * - (PMP *liŋus)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *ləpas)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ləsuŋ, *lusuŋ)
 * - (PMP *dilaq)
 * - (PMP *likəs)
 * - (PMP *likuq)
 * - (PMP *lima)
 * - (PMP *limas)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *qalimətaq)
 * - (PMP *ipəs)
 * - (PMP *aluluŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *luaq)
 * - (PMP *lubaŋ)
 * - (PMP *lucut)
 * - (PMP *dulaq, *ludaq)
 * - (PMP *lulun)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *lumut)
 * - (PMP *lunək)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *lutaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *kaən)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *mamaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * -, and  (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *mata)
 * - (PMP *matay)
 * - (borrowed from Latin  via Portuguese/Spanish)
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * -, (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *inum)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * , -  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - or  (borrowed from Persian )
 * - (PMP *nanaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ŋaŋa)
 * - (PMP *ŋilu)
 * - (PMP *ŋuyŋuy)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *qanilaw)
 * - (PMP *nipaq)
 * - (PMP *nipis)
 * - (PMP *qanunaŋ)
 * - (PMP *ni ia)
 * - (PMP *lamuk, *ñamuk)
 * - (PMP *nihawa)
 * - (PMP *niuʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *hutək)
 * - (PMP *padaŋ)
 * - (PMP *pajay)
 * - (PMP *paqa)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *paqət)
 * - (PMP *paqit)
 * - (borowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *palu)
 * - (PMP *panaq)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *paŋdan)
 * - (PMP *paŋgaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *paʀa)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *paʀih)
 * - (PMP *pasiʀ)
 * - (borrowed from  via Portuguese/Spanish)
 * - (PMP *pahuq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *pəcəl)
 * - (PMP *hapəjiq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *paŋ- + *qulu)
 * - (PMP *pənuq)
 * - (PMP *pətpət)
 * - (PMP *pəʀəq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *pəʀəs)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit, )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *piliq)
 * - (borrowed from Persian )
 * - (PMP *həzam, *hinzam)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *pitpit)
 * - (PMP *pisaw)
 * - (PMP *puqun)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *pukət)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *puki)
 * -, ; (PMP *uliq, *pauliq)
 * - (PMP *pulut)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *pusəj)
 * - (PMP *putiq)
 * - (borrowed from Tamil )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ʀabuk)
 * - (PMP *ʀabut)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * -, and  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *dapət, *rapət)
 * - (PMP *ʀapuq)
 * - (PMP *ʀapus)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *ʀatus)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ʀəbaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *-ŋət)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *ʀihuq)
 * , -  (PMP *aʀuhu)
 * - (PMP *ʀuqaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *-ŋut)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *uʀsa)
 * - (PMP *saqəbit)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *sabuʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *sagu)
 * - (PMP *sakit)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Latin  via Portuguese/Spanish)
 * - (PMP *salaq)
 * - (PMP *saləŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *saluʀ)
 * - (PMP *sama)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *sampay)
 * - (borrowed from Chinese )
 * -, , and (PMP *sadəʀ, *sandəʀ; Tagalog sandal is borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit  via Javanese )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *saʀad)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay?)
 * - (PMP *sauq)
 * - (PMP *sawa)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *sabəD)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *səbuh)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit  via Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Persian )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - and  (borrowed from Old Javanese )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *saŋəhit)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *-kaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *səpaq; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan )
 * - (PMP *sapak)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *sapuluq, *saŋapuluq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *səʀaw)
 * - (PMP *səksək)
 * - (PMP *səlsəl)
 * - (PMP *sabsab)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *siku)
 * - (PMP *silaw)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *sinaʀ)
 * - (PMP *sigaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *suluq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * , -  (borrowed from Malay)
 * -, (PMP *suʀat; Tagalog sulat is borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *suʀuq)
 * - (PMP *susu)
 * - (PMP *susun)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *taqan)
 * - (PMP *taqi)
 * - (PMP *taqun)
 * - (PMP *tazəm)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Arabic )
 * - (PMP *takut)
 * - (PMP *talih)
 * - (PMP *tambak)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tabun)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tapal)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tapas)
 * - (PMP *tanəm)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *taŋgap)
 * - (PMP *taŋis)
 * - (PMP *tazək)
 * - (PMP *tapa)
 * - (PMP *tapay)
 * - (PMP *tapak)
 * - (PMP *tapiq)
 * - (PMP *taʀaq)
 * - (PMP *taʀuq)
 * - (PMP *taʀum; Tagalog is borrowed from Kapampangan )
 * - (PMP *tasik)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Chinese )
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Chinese )
 * ,  -  (borrowed from Chinese )
 * - (PMP *tawa)
 * - (PMP *taban)
 * - (PMP *tawaD)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tabas)
 * - (PMP *təbuh)
 * - (PMP *təbus)
 * - and  (PMP *təguk)
 * - (PMP *təkən)
 * - (PMP *takəlub)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *talab)
 * - (PMP *taliŋa)
 * - (PMP *qatəluʀ, *qitəluʀ)
 * - (borrowed from Sanskrit )
 * - (PMP *timpaŋ)
 * - (PMP *tapay-an)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tənəŋ)
 * - (PMP *tiŋadaq)
 * - (PMP *təŋaq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * , -  (PMP *taŋiʀi, *taŋgiʀi)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - and  (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *təʀas)
 * - (PMP *balik)
 * - (PMP *iak)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *taʀus)
 * - and  (PMP *tastas, *təstəs)
 * - (PMP *tian)
 * - (PMP *tiduʀ, *tuduʀ)
 * - (PMP *timəʀah)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *timbaŋ)
 * - (PMP *timbaw)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *timbun)
 * - (PMP *timuʀ)
 * - (PMP *tədəs)
 * - (PMP *tiʀis)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *taytay)
 * - (PMP *titis)
 * - (borrowed from Chinese )
 * - (PMP *tulak)
 * - (PMP *tuluŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tumpuk)
 * - and  (PMP *tukəd)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tubah)
 * - (PMP *tuduŋ)
 * ,  -  (PMP *tuhud)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tuli)
 * - (PMP *tumah)
 * - (PMP *tubuq)
 * - (PMP *tumbuk)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tuŋaw)
 * - (PMP *tuŋkus)
 * - (PMP *tuzuq)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *tusuk)
 * - (PMP *tuktuk)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *quban)
 * - (PMP *qubi)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *qudaŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * -, (PMP *quləj)
 * - (PMP *qumaŋ)
 * - (PMP *qubuj)
 * - (PMP *umpuk)
 * - (PMP *hukay)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)
 * - (PMP *uʀat)
 * - (PMP *qusiʀ)
 * - (PMP *qusuŋ)
 * - (borrowed from Malay)

Borrowings
Tagalog has borrowed terms from Malay, mostly during precolonial times. Most loanwords from Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Tamil and also Kawi (Old Javanese) came to Tagalog by way of Malay, from its use as a trade language across maritime Southeast Asia. There are also modern borrowings from Malay in an attempt to displace Spanish borrowings in the early 20th century (e.g. from,  from ; both of Sanskrit origin).


 * (Malay via, from Malay ). Doublet of  (from Kapampangan , from PMP *baʀani)
 * (Malay ). Doublet of (inherited from PMP *buʀuk)
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay ). Doublet of (inherited from PMP *daʀat)
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay ). Doublet of (inherited from PMP *sadəʀ)
 * (Malay )
 * (Malay ). Doublet of (inherited from PMP *suʀat)
 * (Malay )

False friends
Malay (as well as Indonesian) and Tagalog has many false friends and false cognates.