Appendix:Old Irish f future verbs

The f-future is the most common future formation in Old Irish. It is used in almost all A I and A II verbs, and as the future formation of the very common verb strong verb root. It is characterized by a usually palatalized suffix -f- of uncertain origin that is added after the verb root. This -f- assimilates after a root-final b to leave just a palatal b or f, as seen in and.

The future stem is used to form the conditional tense (called “secondary future” in some sources including Thurneysen and Strachan) as well as the future itself.

See Category:Old Irish f future verbs for a list of verbs that take the f-future.

Verbs irregularly without an f-future
There are a few verbs that do not take an f-future even in classes where it is expected, and take another formation.


 * (A I, reduplicated a-future)
 * (A II, reduplicated a-future)
 * (A I, é-future)
 * Compound derivatives of (A I, é-future)

Non-deponent endings
The f-future in the absolute is scattered in attestation, and virtually no weak verb has even a majority forms attested simultaneously; hence the forms shown below for are constructed on the basis of attested endings.

The f of the f-future (and, in the first-person singular conjunct, the root-final consonant before the ending ) is usually palatalized not only in A II verbs but in A I verbs as well, e.g. from  and  from. However, there are a few cases of nonpalatalized f as well:

Deponent endings
No complete paradigm of the deponent conjugation is attested, but many endings can be deduced on the basis of other conjugations. Taking as an example onto which attested and deduced endings can be added, we can derive the following:

Also in the deponent conjugation there are cases where the f and any preceding consonants are nonpalatalized, for example in :