Appendix:Persian pronunciation

View for more general information. Also see and.

Read foot notes for the pronunciation information below for additional pronunciation information.

Schwa and Epenthetic short vowels

 * In Dari and Tajik, particularly in colloquial speech, a short vowel in an unstressed syllable may be produced as a schwa or even as another short vowel. This occurs randomly and causes unstressed short vowels in these varieties to be unstable.
 * In Dari frequently is realized as  or sometimes as  after the accented/stressed syllable. Since the accented syllable is typically the last syllable of the lemma form, this only commonly occurs in inflicted forms.
 * Example:  ->.
 * In Dari and Tajik, syllabic consonants are forbidden in the coda, being replaced by -[əC].
 * Example: and  vs  and.
 * In colloquial Dari an epenthetic short vowel may be randomly inserted in consonant clusters. In rare instances, short vowel may also be deleted between two open syllables.
 * Dari does not forbid multi-consonant onsets like other dialects and as such epenthetic vowels do not always appear here. Though multi-consonant onsets are rare and only happen word initially.

Dialectal consonants
Also see