Appendix:Place names in the New York area with possible native American origins

The place names of Westchester County, New York
From The place names of Westchester County, New York by Richard M. Lederer (1978, ISBN: 9780916346300):


 * Acquasimink - stream near Cortlandt - "it's dry with the water gone"
 * Alipartis - area in New Castle -
 * Alipkonk - Tarrytown - "where the elm trees grow" — or per Scharf "place of elms"
 * Amackassin - former landmark near Greenburgh/Yonkers - "a large rock" near Hudson River
 * Amawalk - mountain, reservoir near Somers - "people gathering up a little hill"
 * Apawamis - Rye Neck
 * Appagaghpogh - land near Cortlandt - "where the cattails used to cover lodges grow"
 * Apwonnah - Milton Harbor Rye - "the landlocked bay"
 * Aqueanouncke - Hutchinson River - "red cedar trees"
 * Aquehung - Bronx River
 * Armenperal - Sprain Brook
 * Armonk - See Chaubunkongamong
 * Asoquatah - East Long Pond Mountain, Lewisboro - "pine tree sap place"
 * Aspetong - mountain in Bedford - "the high place"
 * Asumsowis - Pelham lower harbor - "by the straight inlet"
 * Bisightick - Sunnyside Brook Irvington/Tarrytown - "something that's half there"
 * Cahotatea - Hudson River - "river that comes from the mountains"
 * Cantitoe - See Katonah
 * Caywaywest - Orienta Point, Mamaroneck
 * Chappaqua < shappequa - "place where the brush makes a rustling sound when you walk through"
 * Chaubunkongamaug (~Armonk, Cohamong, Coman, Cobamong) - Byram River
 * Cisqua river and meadow in Bedford, NY - From a Munsee term meaning "muddy place", from asiiskuw "mud" (whence also, per Whritenour, Kisco in Westchester County, NY); compare Unami siskuu "it is muddy".
 * Cobamong pond - North Castle - See Chaubunkongamaug
 * Coshunk hill - Mt. Pleasant
 * Croton river - (Also Kenotin, Knoten?) See ; see also Kightawanck/Kitchawan in this list.
 * Eaukecaupacuson - Rye - "place where a stream overflows"
 * Haseco meadow - Rye/Port Chester - "grown too long and gotten woody"
 * Heaptauqua lake - New Castle - jest
 * Jamawissa creek - Cortlandt
 * Katonah (Ketatonah; Kittanteny, Kittatinny) - "great mountain"
 * Keakates lake - Yorktown
 * Kensico < Cokenseko "native personal name"
 * Keskeskick - Yonkers - "grown green place"
 * Kestaubuick - Ossining - "the great place"
 * Kewightequack - Yorktown - "green place"
 * Kightawanck creek in ?Cortlandt? (Anthony's Nose) - Cognate to or a variant of (which see), the former name of the Croton river (hence see  and Croton's entry in this list).
 * Kitchawan - see Kightawanck
 * Kittanteny / Kittatinny : see Katonah
 * Laaphawachking a midden heap near Croton - "place of stringing"
 * Mamanasquag - North Salem
 * Mamaroneck -
 * Mangopson - Larchmont
 * Manunketsuck - Long Island Sound - "broad flowing river"
 * Manursing - Rye - ?
 * Mattegticos - Somers - "it's clear mud"
 * Meahagh - Cortlandt - "small island"
 * Mehicanituck - Hudson River - "mixes up, every way; it's not going up or down", referring to tides in the estuary.
 * Mianus < (Maharness, Meyanos) - "he who gathers the people"
 * Miosebassaky marsh - Rye - "the great marsh"
 * Mockquams - Blind Brook - "blind cover tree"
 * Mohansic brook - Somers - ?
 * Mohegan - c. 1860s
 * Mopus brook - North Salem - ?
 * Mosholu - Tibbits Brook (Yonkers) - "it's running funny"
 * Titicus < Mughititicocos - North Salem
 * Muscoot - Bedford, Somers - "something swampy"
 * Nanahagan brook, park < Nanegeeken - ?
 * Nanhook - Mamaroneck, rocks in Long Island Sound - ?
 * Nanichiestawack - Bedford - "a place of safety/assembly" or "to listen to one another"
 * Nappeckamax - Yonkers - "the place of fish traps"
 * Narahawmis - Lewisboro - ?
 * Neperan, Nepperhan - Saw Mill River - "running cold water"
 * Noname - appears as 'signature'
 * Oneonme lake - jest
 * Oscawana island, park - Cortlandt - < Askawanes (personal name)
 * Osceola lake - Yorktown - Seminole personal name
 * Ossining - From Ossin-sing, Sing Sing (which see); see also the entry.
 * Pahotasack - ?
 * Paquingtuk river, creek, now renamed - Peekskill - ?
 * Peespunk spring - Lewisboro - "they are sweating"
 * Pehquenakonck - North Salem - "the nearby high place"
 * Peningo point - Rye - < Ponus personal name of Toquams sagamore
 * Pepemighting (Kisco River) - New Castle - "place where people hang around"
 * Peppengheck pond - Lewisboro - "selected land"
 * Pocantico lake - Mount Pleasant - "a stream between two hills"
 * Punka-barre - Hastings-on-Hudson - ?
 * Quaropas - White Plains - "white marshes"
 * Rahonaness - Rye - ?
 * Rechawes - Yonkers/Bronx - brook ?
 * Rippowam river - Stamford CT - ?
 * Sachera - "the shore path"
 * Sackhoes - Peekskill - "near the mouth of the river"
 * Senesqua park - Croton-on-Hudson - "the grassy place"
 * Sepackena brook - Tarrytown - ?
 * Sepperack stream - Croton-on-Hudson - "a rock with water coming out"
 * Shatemuc - Hudson River - ?
 * Shippa - New Rochelle - ?
 * Sigghes - Greenburgh/Yonkers landmark rocks - ?
 * Sing Sing - Ossining - "Place of rocks", "place of stones" (see the entry ).
 * Siscowit - Pound Ridge - "muddy place"
 * Succabone corners - Bedford - "black place"
 * Tamoesis creek - Cortlandt - Dickey Broook
 * Tanracken creek - Croton-on-Hudson - ?
 * Tapornick - Lewisboro - personal name
 * Tappan - town on West side of Hudson - Indian tribe - "the cold stream"
 * Tatomuck river - see Tapornick
 * Tuckahoe - Perhaps from tuckahoe, or from a designation meaning "place of the tuckah" (root of the golden club). Alternatively, perhaps from Unami takeho "dig it up" (compare ktahòòk "dig them up") or a Munsee cognate of the same. "It is probably not the Chesapeake Bay Indian place name Heckewelder translated as tuchachowe, 'deer are shy, difficult to come at'."
 * Ubiequaeshook - Bronx - ?
 * Waccabuc lake, etc - Lewisboro - < Wepuc - ?
 * Wachiehamis pond - Peekskill - ?
 * Wampus - name of a lake, a river, and several places in Fairfield County, CT, and Westchester County, NY, particularly around the hamlet of Armonk in the town of North Castle - Possibly from the name of a sachem also called also called Wampage and Ann Hook [sic], in which case possibly from an Algonquian root meaning "opossum"; but the sachem may in fact have been named after the place (his other name "Ann Hook" is "likely taken from Anne's Hoeck, a neck of land jutting into Eastchester Bay").
 * Weckquaeskeck in Dobbs Ferry - A very variable name: at least 32 spelling variants are attested, including Wickquaskeck and Weck-qua-es-keck. Alternative names included Wes-se-ca-now, and possibly Wossecamer and Wescawanus and possibly also Wykagyl. Originally the name of a group that inhabited the area. The tract of land referred to by this name extended to a creek called Weghquagsike or Weghqueghe. Said by Bert Ruiz (2013) to mean "the open land around our home" in Lenape (Unami or Munsee).
 * Wickapy in Cortlandt (Anthony's Nose) - "At the end of the land". Compare Unami wikwe "that is the end".
 * Wishqua - From Wickapy? Attested in 1685 as the name of tract north of the Croton river. "Tocker defines it [as] the end, probably from wanashque."

Other sources
Notes: the abbreviations "U." and "M." are "Unami" and "Munsee", respectively. The final element of many of these placenames (rendered into English as -nk, -k, -ke, or -n) is Unami -nk, -k or its Munsee cognate.


 * Alexauken (creek), NJ - From Unami Alàxhakink "Empty (barren) land" (from alàxàt "it is empty") or a Munsee cognate of the same.
 * Allamuchy, NJ - From Unami alemuchink "Place of cocoons" (from alemuchi "cocoon" + the locative/placename-forming suffix -k, -nk) or a Munsee cognate of the same.
 * Assunpink, NJ - U. Ahsën'pink "Rocky place that is watery" (ahsën = rock) or M.
 * Cheesequake, NJ - U. Chiskhakink "Land that has been cleared" or M.
 * Conaskonk, NJ - U. Kwënàskunk "Place of tall grass or reeds" or M.
 * Conshohocken, PA - From Unami kanshihakink "Elegant land" (from ahkanshi "elegant") or a Munsee cognate of the same.
 * Coxing, Koghksohsing - From the Munsee for "[near a] high place"; compare Massachusett kodtuhkoag, kodtohkoag, koduhkoag, "high place, summit of mountain or hill", kogkussohkoag "a high place".
 * Ho-Ho-Kus, name of a brook and several sites in NJ - "Whritenour thinks that Ho-Ho-Kus sounds similar to two Munsee words: *mehokhokwus, "red cedar," and *hakhakwus, "little bottle gourd"." Earlier spellings: Anhokus, Hochaos, Hohokus.
 * Horicon, NJ - U. Olikunk "Place of holes in the ground" (from òlhake "hole in the ground") or M.
 * Macanippuck, NJ -
 * Manasquan, NJ - U. Mënàskunk "Place to gather grass or reeds" (compare mënàskutink "place to cut grass or reeds")
 * Manunka Chunk, NJ - U. Mënànkahchunk "Where the hills are clustered" (for the first element, compare mënakòt "it is clustered"; the second element is ahchu "hill" + the suffix -nk) or M.
 * Monongahela, NJ, PA, WV - U. Mënaonkihëla "Place where the riverbanks erode" (compare mënaonkihële "the dirt (of a riverbank) caves off (as in a landslide)") or M.
 * Penungauchung, NJ - U. Pënaonkòhchunk "Place where the land slopes downhill" or M.
 * Tulpehocken, PA and NJ - U. Tulpehakink "Land of turtles" or M.
 * Wickatunk, NJ - U. Wikwètunk "Ending place (end of trail)" (compare wikwe "that is the end") or M.