Appendix:Proto-Altaic reconstructions

The following Proto-Altaic reconstructions, as well as Proto-Tungusic (or "Proto-Tungus-Manchu"), Proto-Mongolic, Proto-Turkic, Proto-Japanese, and Proto-Korean reconstructions, are from the  by Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, and Oleg Mudrak (2003). The list includes Proto-Turkic, Proto-Mongolian, Proto-Tungus-Manchu, Proto-Korean, and Proto-Japanese reconstructions from the Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Each row corresponds to a purported cognate set.

The Proto-Altaic reconstructions below are listed only for reference, since the validity of Proto-Altaic is not universally accepted. In fact, Starostin's Proto-Altaic reconstructions are widely considered to be spurious. Altaic is a controversial language macrofamily proposal not accepted by many linguists. Nevertheless, Proto-Turkic, Proto-Mongolian (or Proto-Mongolic), Proto-Tungus-Manchu (or Proto-Tungusic), Proto-Korean, and Proto-Japanese are universally accepted as valid.

Note that Starostin et al. (2003) reconstructs Proto-Japanese, not Proto-Japonic, since the Ryukyuan languages are not included; and Proto-Korean, without Jeju or divergent Koreanic varieties.