Appendix:Proto-Chibchan reconstructions

Proto-Chibchan reconstructions:

Pache (2018) is the most recent reconstruction of Proto-Chibchan. Other reconstructions include those of Constenla (1981) and Holt (1986).

Constenla (1981)
Proto-Chibchan reconstructions by Constenla (1981):

Proto-Chibchan horticultural vocabulary (Constenla 2012):


 * *dihke ‘to sow’
 * *te1 ‘cultivated clearing’
 * *ike ‘manioc’
 * *tuʔ ‘tuber, yam’ (Dioscorea spp.; Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
 * *apì ‘pumpkin, squash’
 * *e, *ebe ‘maize’
 * *du, *dua1 ‘tobacco’
 * *tã1 ‘rattles from gourd’
 * *toka ‘gourd cup’

Pache (2018)
Proto-Chibchan recontructions by Pache (2018):