Appendix:Proto-Macro-Jê reconstructions

Proto-Macro-Jê reconstructions by Nikulin (2020):

Proto-Macro-Jê
Proto-Macro-Jê is notable for having relatively few consonants and a large vocalic inventory. There are also complex onsets with rhotics, as well as contrastive nasalization for vowels.

Phonological inventory of Proto-Macro-Jê as reconstructed by Nikulin (2020):


 * Consonants: */p, m, w, t, n, r, c, ñ, j, k, ŋ/
 * Complex onsets: */pr, mr, kr, ŋr/
 * Vowels: */a, â, ə, ə̂, y, o, ô, u, e, ê, i, ə̃, ỹ, ũ, ẽ, ĩ/
 * Maximal syllable structure: */CrVC°/, where /°/ = echo vowel


 * Abbreviations
 * (F) = finite
 * (NF) = non-finite

Proto-Karajá
Reconstruction of Proto-Karajá (Nikulin 2020):


 * Abbreviations
 * SG = singular
 * F = finito
 * NF = não finito
 * DAT = dativo
 * LOC = locativo
 * CRF = correferencial
 * NMLZ = nominalizador
 * INT = interno (caso morfológico interno)

Proto-Western Macro-Jê
Reconstruction of Proto-Western Macro-Jê (Nikulin 2020):

Proto-Jabutí

 * See Appendix:Proto-Jabuti reconstructions.

Proto-Eastern Macro-Jê
Reconstruction of Proto-Eastern Macro-Jê (Nikulin 2020):

Proto-Trans-São Francisco
Reconstruction of Proto-Trans-São Francisco (or Proto-Maxakalí-Krenák ) (Nikulin 2020):

Proto-Kamakã

 * See Appendix:Proto-Kamakã reconstructions.

Proto-Jê

 * See Appendix:Proto-Jê reconstructions.