Appendix:Proto-Mienic reconstructions

Proto-Mienic reconstructions include those of Luang-Thongkum (1993), Ratliff (2010), and Liu (2021).

Luang-Thongkum (1993)
The following list of 355 reconstructed Proto-Mjuenic forms (i.e., a reconstruction of the Mienic languages Mien, Muen, and Mun; Biao Min and Zao Min are not included) is from Luang-Thongkum (1993).

Data sources
The Mjuenic languages used for the Proto-Mjuenic reconstruction that were investigated by Luang-Thongkum (1993) are:

Luang-Thongkum (1993:170) proposes the following classification for the Mjuenic languages.


 * Proto-Mjuenic
 * Mun
 * West Mun (Landian Yao 蓝靛瑶)
 * East Mun (Shanzi Yao 山子瑶)
 * (Mien-Muen)
 * Muen (Ao Yao 坳瑶)
 * Mien (Pan Yao 盘瑶)
 * North Mien
 * East Mien, West Mien

List of reconstructions
Pre-Mjuenic, a posited earlier stage of Proto-Mjuenic, is reconstructed as having pre-glottalized initial consonants and lacking vowel length contrast, unlike synchronic Mienic languages.

Liu (2021)
Liu (2021)'s reconstruction of Proto-Yao (原始瑶语) is based on the following 8 Yao/Mienic dialects.


 * Iu Mien
 * Jiangdi 江底 dialect
 * Miaoziyuan 庙子源 dialect
 * Biao Mwan
 * Luoxiang 罗香 dialect
 * Kim Mun
 * Liangzi 梁子 dialect
 * Tansan 滩散 dialect
 * Biao Min
 * Dongshan 东山 dialect
 * Shikou 石口 dialect
 * Zao Min
 * Daping 大坪 dialect

Proto-Yao reconstructions from the appendix of Liu (2021:253-278) are given below.