Appendix:Romanian morphology

The Romanian language's many phonetic mutations may seem confusing at first, but it comes naturally with time and practice.

o/oa
When o is followed by one or more consonants, the o changes to oa if the next syllable will contain ă or e.

e/ea
When e is followed by one or more consonants, the e changes to ea if the next syllable will contain ă.

ă/e
When ă is followed by one or more consonants or a syllable containing ă, the ă changes to e if the next syllable will contain e or i.

* Note that there are two mutations in this word. See the section on the d/z mutation.

a/e
When a is followed by a syllable containing ă or e, the a changes to e if the next syllable will contain e, i or uri.

a/ă
When a is followed by a syllable containing ă or e, the a changes to ă if the next syllable will contain e, i or uri.

ea/e
When ea is followed by one or more consonants or a syllable containing ă, the ea changes to e if the next syllable will contain e, i or uri.

oa/o
When oa is followed by a syllable containing ă or e, the oa changes to o and the ă or e in the next syllable will change to i.

ie/ia
When ie is followed by one or more consonants, the ie changes to ia if the next syllable will contain ă.

â/i
When â is followed by one or more consonants, the â changes to i if the next syllable will contain e or i.

Stress mutations
In these mutations, the stressed syllable and the actual letter change. They generally occur most often in verb conjugation.

a/ă
Stressed a changes to unstressed ă.

o/u
Stressed o changes to unstressed u.

Consonant mutations
Consonant mutations are quite a bit easier than vowel mutations. Mutations occur when a consanant will be followed by certain vowels (usually e, i or î). Which vowel(s) will be indicated on the example charts.