Appendix:Tuvaluan Swadesh list

List

 * Orthography :

The orthography used in this list is the one recommended by the Tuvalu Language Board (TLB):


 * Geminated vowels are indicated by a macron, e.g. , or by double letters when they occur across morpheme boundaries, e.g..
 * Geminated consonants are indicated by a preceding apostrophy, e.g. <'mao>.
 * The velar nasal /ŋ/ is written as , e.g..


 * Pronunciation:

Tuvaluan vowels roughly have Spanish values and geminated vowels are pronounced longer but less than twice as long as ungeminated ones.

Tuvaluan consonants: Plosives are unaspirated and /l/ is never velarized but always “clear”; other consonants are roughly pronounced as in English. Geminated consonants are pronounced longer but less than twice as long as ungeminated ones, and geminated stops are also aspirated.

Stress in Tuvaluan always falls on the penultimate mora.


 * Bibliography:

Besnier, Niko. Tuvaluan. Routledge, London and New York, 2000.

Besnier, Niko. Tuvaluan lexicon. United States Peace Corps, Funafuti, 1981.

Jackson, Geoffrey. Tuvaluan dictionary. Oceania Printers, Suva, 2010.

Noricks, Jay S. A Tuvalu dictionary. Human Relations Area Files, New Haven, Connecticut, 1981.

Ranby, Peter. Nanumea lexicon. Pacific Linguistics C-65, Canberra, 1980.