Appendix:Tuvan verbs

This appendix page discusses the conjugation of Tuvan verbs.

Present-future
This tense formed by the suffix / (the latter can be found in some verbs). The formation of the present future tense can be often unpredictable when formed from the verb stem, because it not just involve the choice between the two suffixes (close or open), but also the deletion of consonants between two adjacent vowels (see below), and in few extreme exceptions it do not follow the previous rules. This can be vice versa. This tense is the lemma (citation form) for verbs.

After vowels, -VHr (-V- and -H- denotes vowels and its high counterparts, respectively) simplifies to -VVr, for example (stem бижи-). Consonants with two adjacent vowels in the sequences -aCı-, -eCi, -oCu-, and -öCü- (-C- denotes consonants) may subject to the consonant deletion and changes of high vowels to low vowel ( → ), but sometimes all both of these forms (non-deleted forms) are allowed.

Principal parts
Because the present-future tense is unpredictable, there is effectively three principal parts, that it is the present-future, its negative counterpart, and the past I forms (the latter is in fact can be derived from the negative present-future).