Chinese remainder theorem

Etymology
The earliest known statement of the theorem was by the Chinese mathematician Sun-tzu in the 3rd century AD.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A theorem stating that, if one knows the remainders of the Euclidean division of an integer n by several integers, then one can determine uniquely the remainder of the division of n by the product of these integers, under the condition that the divisors are pairwise coprime.