Citations:happenstance


 * 2020, Portland: How a 'hyper-liberal' city's racist past is resurfacing, Ashitha Nagesh, (2 September 2020);
 * Portland is often called the whitest big city in the US - about 72% of its population is non-Latino white, while only about 6.6% of the population is black (compared to 12.7% of the overall US population). This is something black history and urban development scholars say is by design, not happenstance.