Citations:mäkčeň


 * 1976, Peter Baláž, Miloslav Darovec, and Heather Trebatická, Slovak for Slavicists (Bratislava: Slovenské Pedagogické Nakladateľstvo), page 17
 * Slovaks use the Latin alphabet. This alphabet, however, does not cover all the Slovak sounds. For this reason the following diacritical marks are used: a) dĺžeň [dl̩ːžeň] — this sign (´) expresses greater vocal length (not a change in quality as with the French “accent aigu”); b) mäkčeň — e.g. ň, č, ǆ, š, ž; ť, ď, ľ — indicates that the consonant is palatalized; c) dve bodky — two dots — over the letter a (ä), called in Slovak široké e “wide e” (IPA symbol [æ]); d) vokáň — circumflex — over the letter o (ô) which indicates the diphthong [uo].
 * 1988, Jozef Mistrík, A Grammar of Contemporary Slovak (2nd ed., Bratislava: Slovenské Pedagogické Nakladateľstvo), pages 12⁽¹⁾ and 110⁽²⁾
 * ⁽¹⁾ Slovak diacritical marks: ‒̌ (mäkčeň) – the softening mark; this mark over a consonant indicates its palatalization or “soft”, “liquid” pronunciation. It is printed in two forms: ‒̌ with the letters c, s, z, n (č, š, ž, ň) and ‒̓ with the letters d, t, l (ď, ť, ľ), but this is just a convention. In handwritten texts it is always ‒̌. ‒́ (dĺžeň) – the prolongation mark (the value of vowels and consonants becomes doubled).
 * ⁽²⁾ With regard to writing i – y which are pronounced alike, we divide the consonants into: soft: c, dz, j and all those with the diacritical mark (ˇ) – “mäkčeň”, hard: g, h, ch, k, d, t, n, neutral: b, f, l, m, p, r, s, v, z.
 * 1991, Jozef Mistrík, Basic Slovak (4th ed.; Bratislava: Slovenské Pedagogické Nakladateľstvo; ISBN 8008013338, 9788008013338), pages 7⁽¹⁾ and 15⁽²⁾
 * ⁽¹⁾ Slovak diacritical marks: ‒̌ (mäkčeň) – the softening mark; this mark over consonant indicates its palatalization and soft pronunciation. ‒́ (dĺžeň) – the prolongation mark; long vowels and long consonants have the value of two vowels or consonants. ‒̈ (dve bodky) – two dots over the letter a – ä, which may be pronounced as a in the word bad, but in modern Slovak is pronounced usually as e in the word set. ‒̂ (vokáň) – the mark above the letter o – ô; the letter ô is pronounced as [uo].
 * ⁽²⁾ Soft consonants: c, ǳ, j and all consonants with the “mäkčeň” (ˇ).
 * 1997, James Naughton, Colloquial Slovak: The Complete Course for Beginners (Routledge, ISBN 020342915X, “Pronunciation guide”, page xiii
 * mäkčeň soft sign (č, Ď/ď)
 * 2005, Ari Rafaeli, Book Typography (Oak Knoll Press; ISBN 1584561572, 9781584561576), page 62
 * It is a pity that so many of the world’s type designers are (were) White European Males. But there it is. Their names (mitigated by a few women’s names and a few háčeks and a mäkčeň), intermixed with the names of poets, painters and sages, are dropped everywhere and constantly, habitually, Robert Bringhurst writes: ‘Adrian Frutiger’s Méridien’, ‘José Mendoza’s Photina’, ‘Rudolf Růžička’s Fairfield’, ‘Morris Fuller Benton’s Century Schoolbook’, ‘Hans Eduard Meier’s Syntax’, ‘André Gürtler’s Egyptian 505’, etc. This, one expects, is a didactic method but it is awfully grating.
 * 2009 January 20th (6:24pm), “ garabik-news-2005-05@kassiopeia.juls.savba.sk” (user name), sci.lang (Usenet newsgroup), “Re: Nativized loanwords vs. code switching?”, Message ID: 
 * Its typographic name – it can be different from its semantic name (though probably not in English). E.g. in Slovak we call the “^” sign vokáň, but ONLY IF we are talking about Slovak letters – when talking about French, we call the very same sign “circumflex” (sometimes “cirkumflex”). And when talking (in Slovak) about Czech letters, we use often, but not always, the Czech terms (háček, čárka) instead of Slovak ones (mäkčeň, dĺžeň) – the diacritic signs are otherwise pretty identical. The perception of diacritics in Slovak seems to be more oriented towards semantic, not typography. Unlike in English (but see the difference between umlaut and diaeresis).