Citations:umlaute


 * 1851: Bibliotheca sacra and theological review, page 785 〃
 * In German they are pronounced, as may be proved, by the influence of a following i, and so by actual mixture with a clear element or confusion; hence denominated by Grimm transformed sounds (Umlaute).
 * 1870: Mercersburg Review, volume 17, “Pennsylvania German” by John S. Stahr, page 624; quoted in:
 * 1988: Earl C. Haag, A Pennsylvania German Anthology, page 18 (Susquehanna University Press; ISBN 0945636008, 9780945636007)
 * In an otherwise excellent talk talk to the Franklin and Marshall College freshmen in 1870, John S. Stahr, after correctly identifying the Pennsylvania German dialect as being like the dialects of South Germany, “particularly the Pfaelzer dialect,” promptly proved he knew more about the where than about the what. “Change a few vowel sounds,” he insisted, “especially those of the modified vowels or Umlaute ö and ü, which are wanting in Pennsylvania German, and you make our dialect perfectly intelligible to the Pfaelzers, whilst no Pennsylvania German has any difficulty in understanding them” a statement that would indicate Stahr did not fully understand the true nature of the dialects of the Palatinate and their relationship to Pennsylvania German.
 * 1874: English Dialect Society; Publications; № 4, 48, or 60; page 13
 * It is clear that in all these umlaute the new vowel is exactly intermediate between the original vowel of the root and the modifying one of the termination : if the new vowel became identical with its modifier, the result would be not an umlaut but a complete assimilation.
 * 1884: William Winston Valentine, [Specimen pages.] Comparative study of the new High German language, page 7 &c. 〃
 * Like all the Umlaute it frequently suffers from a vicious pronunciation even among the educated Germans.
 * 1891: the Philological Society of Great Britain, Transactions of the Philological Society (1888–90), page 68 (Blackwell Publishers)
 * “Almost every educated man,” says he in this article, “has hitherto learned Latin, French, or English. But in all these three languages Umlaute occur, as in Cæsar, cœlum, hymnus; maire, peu, lu; a, sir, much.”
 * 1894: William Winston Valentine and Augustus Henry Keane [revis.], New High German: A Comparative Study, volume 1, pages 6{1}, 7{2}, 9{3} & {4}, 38{5}, &c. (Isbister)
 * {1} The vowel combinations may be divided into : — (a) modified vowels (Umlaute) : ae or ä; oe or ö; ue or ü; (b) geminated vowels : aa (double a); ee (double e); oo (double o); and (c) diphthongs : au, eu, ei, au and the rarely occurring ay, ey, oi, oy.
 * {2} The simple vowels as well as the modified vowels (Umlaute) are either long or short, i.e. similar in quality but different in quantity.
 * {3} Vowel Combinations, including Modified Vowels (Umlaute), Geminated Vowels and Diphthongs.
 * {4} The Umlaute also occur with Inflection and Derivation
 * {5} The tz occurs also after the Umlaute, which are regarded phonetically as simple : ätzen, to corrode; Pfütze, puddle, slough; plötzlich, suddenly.
 * 1900: Albert S. Gatschet, “Grammatic Sketch of the Catawba Language”, in American Anthropologist, New Series, v 2, n 3, p 528 〃 (self-published by the American Anthropological Association)
 * The umlaute, or sounds of periphasis (ä, ö, ü), exist in the Catawba alphabet, e. g., in ómä, himself; túhö, small; dürûbi, iron; but they are not in frequent use.
 * 1903: International Correspondence Schools (Scranton, Pa.), A Textbook on German, volume 1, page 56 〃 (International Textbook Co.)
 * To the above rules there are exceptions, for some of the monosyllables with stem vowels a, o, u do not change these into their Umlaute
 * 1904: Granville Stanley Hall, The Pedagogical Seminary, volume 11, page 370 〃 (J.H. Orpha)
 * Umlaute and diphthongs are treated in the same manner.
 * 1907: Educational review, volume 34, page 158 (Doubleday, Doran)
 * The German Umlaute (modified vowels) were originally written by placing e above the vowels. This e in the course of time developed into two little strokes or dots, which indicate the Umlaute in modern writing.
 * 1945: United States Government Printing Office, Style manual: Issued by the public printer under authority of section 51 of an act of Congress approved January 12, 1895, page 306 (revised edition; self-published)
 * Other than those of umlaute
 * 1947: Kurt Friedrich Leidecker, Scientific German, by the Method of Discovery, page 29 (S. F. Vanni)
 * Umlaute (singular: Umlaut)
 * Umlaut is a change in the sound of a root-vowel, indicated by two dots or strokes over the vowel.
 * 1970: Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research, №s 12–16, pages 49{1} and 52{2}
 * {1} [… T]he Umlaute, ä, ü, ö are pronounced as in the Germanic languages, as they have the same origin of i – vicinity.
 * {2} Provided that the word-initial is one of the “light” consonants ṯ, t́, j the same Umlaute ä and ü are created by the vicinity of the palatals
 * 1976: Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, Raymond William Firth, Adolphus Peter Elkin, the University of Sydney, and the Australian National Research Council, Oceania: a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, volumes 47–48, page 171 (self-published by the University of Sydney)
 * Umlaute are caused by i-vicinity: ä as in ‘mad’; ö as in ‘burr’ approximately; ü as in French ‘future’.
 * 1985: Darío Lucarella (editor), Proceedings of the First European Conference on TEX for Scientific Documentation, 16–17 May 1985, Como, Italy, pages 61{1}, 62{2}, 64{3} & {4}, &c. (Addison–Wesley Pub. Co.; ISBN 0201133997, 9780201133998)
 * {1} When processing German text with TEX one is faced with the following problem: Many German words contain “umlaute” (ä, ö, ü, Ä, Ö, Ü) and/or the sharp S (ß). These letters are normally produced by control sequences ( . . . or ).
 * {2} A reasonable place for the German umlaute might be the positions ’32 . . . ’37 in the Computer Modern text fonts where normally the Scandinavian ligatures are placed.
 * {3} The creation of the umlaute as described above is just a few lines of code.
 * {4} It should be noticed that the procedure for handling umlaute as described above keeps TEX source files portable to other installations.
 * 1986: Douglas Hainline, New developments in computer-assisted language learning, page 207 (Routledge; ISBN 0709937806, 9780709937807)
 * 1987: German Genealogical Digest, volumes 3–5, page 49 (Jensen Publications)
 * 1989: István Bátori, Winfried Lenders, and Wolfgang Putschke, Computational linguistics: an international handbook on computer oriented language research and applications, page 901 (Walter de Gruyter; ISBN 3110097923, 9783110097924)
 * The German Umlaute “ä”, “ö” and “ü” are arranged as “ae”, “oe” and “ue” and German “ß” is treated as “ss”.
 * 1996: Helga M. Whittaker, Hochdeutsch: as spoken and taught by a German, page 194 (University Press of America; ISBN 0761803882, 9780761803881)
 * 1998: Robert Cole, Dobberstein registry: the genealogy and history of 19 th century Dobberstein immigrants from Prussia and their offspring in America, page 290 (B&L Publications)
 * Q13: How do I handle Umlaute in computer messages?
 * Many computer users are tempted to use built-in umlaut features that come with mircosoft softwares. However, there are still people who do not use microsoft compatible computers (like Apple2) and who are not planning to buy a new computer just to be able to read umlaute. My suggestion is that umlaute be written as "a or ae, "o or oe, "u or ue.
 * 2000: Rosa-Maria Dallapiazza, Eduard von Jan, Til Schönherr, Ulrike Bonk, and Richard Matthews, Tangram: Deutsch als Fremdsprache, page 50 (Hueber Verlag; ISBN 3191615830, 9783191615833)
 * As far as the “Umlaute” “ä”, “ö”, “ü” are concerned, there are no exact equivalent sounds in English.
 * 2002: Berthold Hoeckner, Programming the Absolute: Nineteenth-Century German Music and the Hermeneutics of the Moment, page 53 (Princeton University Press; ISBN 0691001499, 9780691001494)
 * The source for his idea of transforming language into sound was a 1791 treatise by Christian Gottlieb Schocher, who proposed a new kind of declamation based on a “scale” of the vowels a, e, i, o, u, with the Umlaute ä, ö, ü equivalent to half steps.6
 * 2007: Birgit Maier-Katkin, Silence and Acts of Memory: A Postwar Discourse on Literature, History, Anna Seghers, and Women in the Third Reich, page 157, footnote 56 (Bucknell University Press; ISBN 0838756646, 9780838756645)
 * The Mexican publishing house was not able to include the German Umlaut in its publication of The Seventh Cross. In the interest of an easier reading, I decided to insert all German Umlaute.
 * The source for his idea of transforming language into sound was a 1791 treatise by Christian Gottlieb Schocher, who proposed a new kind of declamation based on a “scale” of the vowels a, e, i, o, u, with the Umlaute ä, ö, ü equivalent to half steps.6
 * 2007: Birgit Maier-Katkin, Silence and Acts of Memory: A Postwar Discourse on Literature, History, Anna Seghers, and Women in the Third Reich, page 157, footnote 56 (Bucknell University Press; ISBN 0838756646, 9780838756645)
 * The Mexican publishing house was not able to include the German Umlaut in its publication of The Seventh Cross. In the interest of an easier reading, I decided to insert all German Umlaute.